Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women

<b>Background:</b> Persistent alterations in taste and smell affect a significant proportion of individuals following COVID-19, representing a component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, commonly referred to as long COVID. The degradation of sphingomyelin by acid sphingomyelinase is regar...

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Main Authors: Federico Fiorani, Giulia Moretti, Laura Cerquiglini, Chiara Gizzi, Giulia Gizzi, Paola Signorelli, Samuela Cataldi, Tommaso Beccari, Elisa Delvecchio, Claudia Mazzeschi, Stefania Troiani, Elisabetta Albi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Reports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/7/4/104
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author Federico Fiorani
Giulia Moretti
Laura Cerquiglini
Chiara Gizzi
Giulia Gizzi
Paola Signorelli
Samuela Cataldi
Tommaso Beccari
Elisa Delvecchio
Claudia Mazzeschi
Stefania Troiani
Elisabetta Albi
author_facet Federico Fiorani
Giulia Moretti
Laura Cerquiglini
Chiara Gizzi
Giulia Gizzi
Paola Signorelli
Samuela Cataldi
Tommaso Beccari
Elisa Delvecchio
Claudia Mazzeschi
Stefania Troiani
Elisabetta Albi
author_sort Federico Fiorani
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Persistent alterations in taste and smell affect a significant proportion of individuals following COVID-19, representing a component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, commonly referred to as long COVID. The degradation of sphingomyelin by acid sphingomyelinase is regarded as a biomarker for acquired demyelinating neuropathies. <b>Objectives:</b> This study was aimed to enroll women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy and experienced persistent alterations in taste and/or smell for more than 1 year post-infection, in comparison to pregnant women without any disturbances in these senses. <b>Methods:</b> The patients were subjected to a questionnaire investigating smell and taste disorders more than 1 year after the infection. Then, the levels of acid sphingomyelinase in the plasma of the participants were assessed. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that in women who had been pregnant and who had been infected with SARS Cov-2 during the COVID period and who still had taste and smell disorders 1 year later, plasma acid sphingomyelinase levels were double that of pregnant women who had contracted the infection during the COVID period but had not reported taste and smell disorders and that of pregnant women analyzed after the COVID period. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest a hypothesis that the persistence of sensory disturbances in long COVID was probably due to a failure to utilize brain circuitry with demyelination resulting from chemosensory dysfunction of the olfactory epithelium.
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spelling doaj-art-859a1caad47d4e54ba0a6be9591f023d2025-08-20T02:01:19ZengMDPI AGReports2571-841X2024-11-017410410.3390/reports7040104Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant WomenFederico Fiorani0Giulia Moretti1Laura Cerquiglini2Chiara Gizzi3Giulia Gizzi4Paola Signorelli5Samuela Cataldi6Tommaso Beccari7Elisa Delvecchio8Claudia Mazzeschi9Stefania Troiani10Elisabetta Albi11Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyComplex Structure of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, 06120 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Section of General and Specialist Pediatrics, University of Perugia, 06120 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyComplex Structure of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, 06120 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy<b>Background:</b> Persistent alterations in taste and smell affect a significant proportion of individuals following COVID-19, representing a component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, commonly referred to as long COVID. The degradation of sphingomyelin by acid sphingomyelinase is regarded as a biomarker for acquired demyelinating neuropathies. <b>Objectives:</b> This study was aimed to enroll women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy and experienced persistent alterations in taste and/or smell for more than 1 year post-infection, in comparison to pregnant women without any disturbances in these senses. <b>Methods:</b> The patients were subjected to a questionnaire investigating smell and taste disorders more than 1 year after the infection. Then, the levels of acid sphingomyelinase in the plasma of the participants were assessed. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that in women who had been pregnant and who had been infected with SARS Cov-2 during the COVID period and who still had taste and smell disorders 1 year later, plasma acid sphingomyelinase levels were double that of pregnant women who had contracted the infection during the COVID period but had not reported taste and smell disorders and that of pregnant women analyzed after the COVID period. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest a hypothesis that the persistence of sensory disturbances in long COVID was probably due to a failure to utilize brain circuitry with demyelination resulting from chemosensory dysfunction of the olfactory epithelium.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/7/4/104tastesmellsphingomyelinsphingomyelinasepregnancylong COVID
spellingShingle Federico Fiorani
Giulia Moretti
Laura Cerquiglini
Chiara Gizzi
Giulia Gizzi
Paola Signorelli
Samuela Cataldi
Tommaso Beccari
Elisa Delvecchio
Claudia Mazzeschi
Stefania Troiani
Elisabetta Albi
Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
Reports
taste
smell
sphingomyelin
sphingomyelinase
pregnancy
long COVID
title Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
title_full Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
title_fullStr Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
title_full_unstemmed Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
title_short Relationship Between Plasma Acid Sphingomyelinase and Alteration in Taste and Smell as Indicator of Long COVID in Pregnant Women
title_sort relationship between plasma acid sphingomyelinase and alteration in taste and smell as indicator of long covid in pregnant women
topic taste
smell
sphingomyelin
sphingomyelinase
pregnancy
long COVID
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/7/4/104
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