Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?

Introduction. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of 100 or more adenomatous polyps in the mucosal lining of the large intestine, with a significant risk of colorectal cancer development. Case outline. This article presents a case repo...

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Main Authors: Jovanović Sofija, Tomić Tijana, Bidžić Nemanja, Raspopović Miloš, Vasin Dragan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Serbian Medical Society 2025-01-01
Series:Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo
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Online Access:https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500024J.pdf
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author Jovanović Sofija
Tomić Tijana
Bidžić Nemanja
Raspopović Miloš
Vasin Dragan
author_facet Jovanović Sofija
Tomić Tijana
Bidžić Nemanja
Raspopović Miloš
Vasin Dragan
author_sort Jovanović Sofija
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of 100 or more adenomatous polyps in the mucosal lining of the large intestine, with a significant risk of colorectal cancer development. Case outline. This article presents a case report of previously undiagnosed FAP in a patient admitted to the surgical emergency department with suspected sigmoid carcinoma. On computed tomography (CT), the findings of the colonic mucosa were inconclusive due to inadequate distension of the bowel lumen and insufficient preparation. Edema of the bowel wall was clearly observed, a CT characteristic of the carcinoma that had formed at the level of the sigmoid colon, while the two other foci of malignant transformation were obscured by a diffuse, uniform thickening of the wall, which was clearly diagnosed as FAP on subsequent colonoscopy. The patient underwent a total proctocolectomy, after which he continued his oncological treatment. Conclusion. Computed tomography is inadequate for the diagnosis of diffuse polyposis of the colonic mucosa, especially in emergency situations when patients are not prepared for the examination, i.e., without sufficient dilation of the bowel lumen. Since the underlying disease in this patient masked two of the three malignant lesions of the colon, we point out the diagnostic inferiority of the CT examination in the regular emergency settings, compared to CT and MR colonography and especially to colonoscopy as the gold standard in the detection of colorectal cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-8597606802b84edda53f233e47f5845d2025-08-20T02:30:34ZengSerbian Medical SocietySrpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo0370-81792406-08952025-01-011533-419319610.2298/SARH250214024J0370-81792500024JFamilial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?Jovanović Sofija0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-6230Tomić Tijana1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-8687Bidžić Nemanja2Raspopović Miloš3https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4722-8007Vasin Dragan4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-3963University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Centre of Serbia, Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Department for HPB Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia + University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Surgery, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Centre of Serbia, Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Belgrade, Serbia + University of Belgrade, Department for Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, SerbiaIntroduction. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of 100 or more adenomatous polyps in the mucosal lining of the large intestine, with a significant risk of colorectal cancer development. Case outline. This article presents a case report of previously undiagnosed FAP in a patient admitted to the surgical emergency department with suspected sigmoid carcinoma. On computed tomography (CT), the findings of the colonic mucosa were inconclusive due to inadequate distension of the bowel lumen and insufficient preparation. Edema of the bowel wall was clearly observed, a CT characteristic of the carcinoma that had formed at the level of the sigmoid colon, while the two other foci of malignant transformation were obscured by a diffuse, uniform thickening of the wall, which was clearly diagnosed as FAP on subsequent colonoscopy. The patient underwent a total proctocolectomy, after which he continued his oncological treatment. Conclusion. Computed tomography is inadequate for the diagnosis of diffuse polyposis of the colonic mucosa, especially in emergency situations when patients are not prepared for the examination, i.e., without sufficient dilation of the bowel lumen. Since the underlying disease in this patient masked two of the three malignant lesions of the colon, we point out the diagnostic inferiority of the CT examination in the regular emergency settings, compared to CT and MR colonography and especially to colonoscopy as the gold standard in the detection of colorectal cancer.https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500024J.pdffamilial polyposiscolorectal cancercomputed tomographytotal proctocolectomy
spellingShingle Jovanović Sofija
Tomić Tijana
Bidžić Nemanja
Raspopović Miloš
Vasin Dragan
Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo
familial polyposis
colorectal cancer
computed tomography
total proctocolectomy
title Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
title_full Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
title_fullStr Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
title_full_unstemmed Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
title_short Familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer - how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease?
title_sort familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer how sensitive is computed tomography in detecting the underlying disease
topic familial polyposis
colorectal cancer
computed tomography
total proctocolectomy
url https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500024J.pdf
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