Age of air from ACE-FTS measurements of sulfur hexafluoride

<p>Climate models predict that the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) will accelerate due to tropospheric warming, leading to a redistribution of trace gases and, consequently, to a change of the radiative properties of the atmosphere. Changes in the BDC are diagnosed by the so-called “age of air...

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Main Authors: L. N. Saunders, K. A. Walker, G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, F. Haenel, H. Garny, H. Bönisch, C. D. Boone, A. E. Castillo, A. Engel, J. C. Laube, M. Linz, F. Ploeger, D. A. Plummer, E. A. Ray, P. E. Sheese
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/4185/2025/acp-25-4185-2025.pdf
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Summary:<p>Climate models predict that the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) will accelerate due to tropospheric warming, leading to a redistribution of trace gases and, consequently, to a change of the radiative properties of the atmosphere. Changes in the BDC are diagnosed by the so-called “age of air”, that is, the time since air in the stratosphere exited the troposphere. These changes can be derived from a long-term observation-based record of long-lived trace gases with increasing concentration in the troposphere, such as sulfur hexafluoride (<span class="inline-formula">SF<sub>6</sub></span>). The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) provides the longest available continuous time series of vertically resolved <span class="inline-formula">SF<sub>6</sub></span> measurements, spanning 2004 to the present. In this study, a new age-of-air product is derived from the ACE-FTS <span class="inline-formula">SF<sub>6</sub></span> dataset. The ACE-FTS product is in good agreement with other observation-based age-of-air datasets and shows the expected global distribution of age-of-air values. Age of air from a chemistry–climate model is evaluated, and the linear trend of the observation-based age of air is calculated in 12 regions within the lower stratospheric midlatitudes (14–20 km, 40–70°) in each hemisphere. In 8 of 12 regions, there was not a statistically significant trend. The trends in the other regions, specifically 50–60 and 60–70° S at 17–20 km and 40–50° N at 14–17 and 17–20 km, are negative and significant to 2 standard deviations. This is therefore the first observation-based age-of-air trend study to suggest an acceleration of the shallow branch of the BDC, which transports air poleward in the lower stratosphere, in regions within both hemispheres.</p>
ISSN:1680-7316
1680-7324