Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study

Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between normal aging and early dementia. Although acupuncture is a promising non-pharmacological treatment, higher-quality evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness. Methods A randomized, patient- and assessor-blinde...

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Main Authors: Yujin Choi, Pyung-Wha Kim, In-Chul Jung, Ae-Ran Kim, Hyo-Ju Park, Ojin Kwon, Jun-Hwan Lee, Joo-Hee Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-05023-5
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author Yujin Choi
Pyung-Wha Kim
In-Chul Jung
Ae-Ran Kim
Hyo-Ju Park
Ojin Kwon
Jun-Hwan Lee
Joo-Hee Kim
author_facet Yujin Choi
Pyung-Wha Kim
In-Chul Jung
Ae-Ran Kim
Hyo-Ju Park
Ojin Kwon
Jun-Hwan Lee
Joo-Hee Kim
author_sort Yujin Choi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between normal aging and early dementia. Although acupuncture is a promising non-pharmacological treatment, higher-quality evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness. Methods A randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled, pilot clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of acupuncture for treating MCI. In total, 30 participants were randomized into acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. The participants underwent 24 treatment sessions over 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) score over 12 weeks, whereas the secondary outcomes included the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-II) score. Adverse events and the success of blinding were also assessed. Results Of the 30 participants, 28 completed the study. Participants in the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups exhibited a decrease in ADAS-cog scores from 10.27 ± 4.03 and 11.47 ± 3.85 at baseline to 5.78 ± 3.04 and 6.27 ± 2.83 at week 12, respectively. Both groups exhibited clinically meaningful improvements, with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.6590). The SNSB-II memory domain exhibited a moderate effect size favoring acupuncture (Cohen’s d = 0.57, P = 0.1317). No intervention-related adverse events were reported, and participant blinding was adequate throughout the trial. Conclusions The 12-week acupuncture treatment is feasible for patients with MCI and may improve memory. Although the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance, the secondary outcomes suggested potential benefits. Larger confirmatory trials are warranted to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in patients with MCI. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (cris.nih.go.kr) KCT0001938 (Registered on June 3, 2016).
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spelling doaj-art-85719fb3a92147938869471275883bbb2025-08-20T04:01:46ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-07-0125111310.1186/s12906-025-05023-5Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot studyYujin Choi0Pyung-Wha Kim1In-Chul Jung2Ae-Ran Kim3Hyo-Ju Park4Ojin Kwon5Jun-Hwan Lee6Joo-Hee Kim7KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineKM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon UniversityR&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineR&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineKM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineKM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji UniversityAbstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between normal aging and early dementia. Although acupuncture is a promising non-pharmacological treatment, higher-quality evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness. Methods A randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled, pilot clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of acupuncture for treating MCI. In total, 30 participants were randomized into acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. The participants underwent 24 treatment sessions over 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) score over 12 weeks, whereas the secondary outcomes included the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-II) score. Adverse events and the success of blinding were also assessed. Results Of the 30 participants, 28 completed the study. Participants in the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups exhibited a decrease in ADAS-cog scores from 10.27 ± 4.03 and 11.47 ± 3.85 at baseline to 5.78 ± 3.04 and 6.27 ± 2.83 at week 12, respectively. Both groups exhibited clinically meaningful improvements, with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.6590). The SNSB-II memory domain exhibited a moderate effect size favoring acupuncture (Cohen’s d = 0.57, P = 0.1317). No intervention-related adverse events were reported, and participant blinding was adequate throughout the trial. Conclusions The 12-week acupuncture treatment is feasible for patients with MCI and may improve memory. Although the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance, the secondary outcomes suggested potential benefits. Larger confirmatory trials are warranted to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in patients with MCI. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (cris.nih.go.kr) KCT0001938 (Registered on June 3, 2016).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-05023-5Acupuncture therapyAlzheimer’s diseaseCognitive dysfunctionDementiaRandomized controlled trial
spellingShingle Yujin Choi
Pyung-Wha Kim
In-Chul Jung
Ae-Ran Kim
Hyo-Ju Park
Ojin Kwon
Jun-Hwan Lee
Joo-Hee Kim
Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Acupuncture therapy
Alzheimer’s disease
Cognitive dysfunction
Dementia
Randomized controlled trial
title Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
title_full Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
title_fullStr Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
title_short Acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, patient–assessor-blinded, sham-controlled pilot study
title_sort acupuncture for patients with mild cognitive impairment a randomized patient assessor blinded sham controlled pilot study
topic Acupuncture therapy
Alzheimer’s disease
Cognitive dysfunction
Dementia
Randomized controlled trial
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-05023-5
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