Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis
This study investigated the potential risks of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages that were cultivated in soils irrigated by various sources of wastewater. The absorption of trace metals (TM) by plants and their subsequent entry into the food chain pose a significant danger to gra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Plant, Soil and Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202503-0004_assessment-of-cadmium-toxicity-in-buffaloes-grazing-on-forages-cultivated-in-diverse-irrigated-soils-a-compreh.php |
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| author | Zafar Iqbal Khan Menal Hamdani Kafeel Ahmad Asma Ashfaq Shehnaz Fatima Saqib Bashir Ijaz Rasool Noorka Hafsa Memona Saif Ullah Shahzad Akhtar Mahmoud F. Seleiman Nawab Ali |
| author_facet | Zafar Iqbal Khan Menal Hamdani Kafeel Ahmad Asma Ashfaq Shehnaz Fatima Saqib Bashir Ijaz Rasool Noorka Hafsa Memona Saif Ullah Shahzad Akhtar Mahmoud F. Seleiman Nawab Ali |
| author_sort | Zafar Iqbal Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the potential risks of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages that were cultivated in soils irrigated by various sources of wastewater. The absorption of trace metals (TM) by plants and their subsequent entry into the food chain pose a significant danger to grazing animals through the accumulation of contaminated fodder. The mean concentration of Cd in the water ranged from 0.18-1.78 mg/L, in the soil 0.63 to 1.87 mg/kg, in the forage 0.20 to 1.32 mg/kg, and in the blood 0.26 to 1.98 mg/L. Among all three sites, canal water (CW Site I), groundwater (GW Site II), and sewage water (SW Site III), the concentration factor (CF) values were below the threshold of 1 (CF < 1), indicating the nominal environmental concern regarding Cd contents in the soil-plant interface. In addition, a prominent variation was noticed in the transfer factor (TF) of Cd across different sites, with the highest TF observed in Avena sativa L. at SW Site III (0.8) and the lowest in Pennisetum glaucum L. at CW Site I (0.27). Furthermore, the hazard quotient (HQ) exhibited a substantial fluctuation, ranging from 0.39 to 2.6, reflecting varying levels of potential health risks associated with Cd exposure. The outcomes of the current investigation suggested that the prominent increase in Cd levels was recorded at sampling site SW Site III due to continuous wastewater irrigation. Prolonged exposure and increased Cd absorption in buffaloes grazing at these sites could have harmful long-term effects on their health. The correlation analysis between Cd concentrations in water, soil, forage, and blood showed a positive but non-significant relationship for water-soil, soil-forage, and forage-blood interactions. This highlights the need for further research to assess the long-term implications of wastewater irrigation on heavy metal accumulation in livestock. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-855ff140b93c440cb3a9c7e1a0b41856 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1214-1178 1805-9368 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant, Soil and Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-855ff140b93c440cb3a9c7e1a0b418562025-08-20T03:41:01ZengCzech Academy of Agricultural SciencesPlant, Soil and Environment1214-11781805-93682025-03-0171320221210.17221/42/2025-PSEpse-202503-0004Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysisZafar Iqbal Khan0Menal Hamdani1Kafeel Ahmad2Asma Ashfaq3Shehnaz Fatima4Saqib Bashir5Ijaz Rasool Noorka6Hafsa Memona7Saif Ullah8Shahzad Akhtar9Mahmoud F. Seleiman10Nawab Ali11Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, PakistanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, PakistanDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USAThis study investigated the potential risks of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages that were cultivated in soils irrigated by various sources of wastewater. The absorption of trace metals (TM) by plants and their subsequent entry into the food chain pose a significant danger to grazing animals through the accumulation of contaminated fodder. The mean concentration of Cd in the water ranged from 0.18-1.78 mg/L, in the soil 0.63 to 1.87 mg/kg, in the forage 0.20 to 1.32 mg/kg, and in the blood 0.26 to 1.98 mg/L. Among all three sites, canal water (CW Site I), groundwater (GW Site II), and sewage water (SW Site III), the concentration factor (CF) values were below the threshold of 1 (CF < 1), indicating the nominal environmental concern regarding Cd contents in the soil-plant interface. In addition, a prominent variation was noticed in the transfer factor (TF) of Cd across different sites, with the highest TF observed in Avena sativa L. at SW Site III (0.8) and the lowest in Pennisetum glaucum L. at CW Site I (0.27). Furthermore, the hazard quotient (HQ) exhibited a substantial fluctuation, ranging from 0.39 to 2.6, reflecting varying levels of potential health risks associated with Cd exposure. The outcomes of the current investigation suggested that the prominent increase in Cd levels was recorded at sampling site SW Site III due to continuous wastewater irrigation. Prolonged exposure and increased Cd absorption in buffaloes grazing at these sites could have harmful long-term effects on their health. The correlation analysis between Cd concentrations in water, soil, forage, and blood showed a positive but non-significant relationship for water-soil, soil-forage, and forage-blood interactions. This highlights the need for further research to assess the long-term implications of wastewater irrigation on heavy metal accumulation in livestock.https://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202503-0004_assessment-of-cadmium-toxicity-in-buffaloes-grazing-on-forages-cultivated-in-diverse-irrigated-soils-a-compreh.phplivestock farmingpollutionnutritionanimal fodderbioaccumulation |
| spellingShingle | Zafar Iqbal Khan Menal Hamdani Kafeel Ahmad Asma Ashfaq Shehnaz Fatima Saqib Bashir Ijaz Rasool Noorka Hafsa Memona Saif Ullah Shahzad Akhtar Mahmoud F. Seleiman Nawab Ali Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis Plant, Soil and Environment livestock farming pollution nutrition animal fodder bioaccumulation |
| title | Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis |
| title_full | Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis |
| title_short | Assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils: a comprehensive analysis |
| title_sort | assessment of cadmium toxicity in buffaloes grazing on forages cultivated in diverse irrigated soils a comprehensive analysis |
| topic | livestock farming pollution nutrition animal fodder bioaccumulation |
| url | https://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202503-0004_assessment-of-cadmium-toxicity-in-buffaloes-grazing-on-forages-cultivated-in-diverse-irrigated-soils-a-compreh.php |
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