Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks

Visible-light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to provide the very high-throughput wireless communications demanded by beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) applications. However, few works are found in the literature regarding the integration of VLC systems with other wireless comm...

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Main Authors: Tomás Powell Villena Andrade, Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes, Letícia Carneiro de Souza, Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/955
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author Tomás Powell Villena Andrade
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes
Letícia Carneiro de Souza
Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior
author_facet Tomás Powell Villena Andrade
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes
Letícia Carneiro de Souza
Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior
author_sort Tomás Powell Villena Andrade
collection DOAJ
description Visible-light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to provide the very high-throughput wireless communications demanded by beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) applications. However, few works are found in the literature regarding the integration of VLC systems with other wireless communications technologies and with access networks. In this context, and as a proof of concept, we implement and experimentally evaluate a hybrid network architecture based on VLC, radio-over-fiber (RoF), free space optics (FSO), fiber-wireless (FiWi), and millimeter-waves (mm-waves) for B5G applications. Such optical networks make use of fiber-optic links based on RoF technology as backhauls, whereas their fronthauls might be either by FSO or RoF. Finally, a triple-wireless-access network is ensured by VLC, FiWi, and mm-wave links. The latter use a real 5G new radio (5G NR) signal. The system performance is evaluated in terms of a root mean square error vector magnitude (EVM<sub>RMS</sub>) parameter in accordance with the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requirements. The experimental results demonstrate a total maximal theoretical throughput of approximately 1.66 Gbps, aligning with the digital performance requirements set by 3GPP.
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spelling doaj-art-855f4e72c39940919dd0e45121e54d1e2025-01-24T13:21:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115295510.3390/app15020955Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access NetworksTomás Powell Villena Andrade0Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes1Letícia Carneiro de Souza2Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior3National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37400-000, MG, BrazilNational Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37400-000, MG, BrazilNational Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37400-000, MG, BrazilNational Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37400-000, MG, BrazilVisible-light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to provide the very high-throughput wireless communications demanded by beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) applications. However, few works are found in the literature regarding the integration of VLC systems with other wireless communications technologies and with access networks. In this context, and as a proof of concept, we implement and experimentally evaluate a hybrid network architecture based on VLC, radio-over-fiber (RoF), free space optics (FSO), fiber-wireless (FiWi), and millimeter-waves (mm-waves) for B5G applications. Such optical networks make use of fiber-optic links based on RoF technology as backhauls, whereas their fronthauls might be either by FSO or RoF. Finally, a triple-wireless-access network is ensured by VLC, FiWi, and mm-wave links. The latter use a real 5G new radio (5G NR) signal. The system performance is evaluated in terms of a root mean square error vector magnitude (EVM<sub>RMS</sub>) parameter in accordance with the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requirements. The experimental results demonstrate a total maximal theoretical throughput of approximately 1.66 Gbps, aligning with the digital performance requirements set by 3GPP.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/955B5GFiWiFSOmm-waveOWCRoF
spellingShingle Tomás Powell Villena Andrade
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes
Letícia Carneiro de Souza
Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior
Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
Applied Sciences
B5G
FiWi
FSO
mm-wave
OWC
RoF
title Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
title_full Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
title_fullStr Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
title_full_unstemmed Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
title_short Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
title_sort demonstration of a hybrid b5g system integrating vlc and rf based technologies with access networks
topic B5G
FiWi
FSO
mm-wave
OWC
RoF
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/955
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