Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Low-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited reso...

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Main Authors: Salahuddin Ahmed, Dustin G Gibson, Rasheda Khanam, Sayedur Rahman, Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria, Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed, Ahad Mahmud Khan, Syed Mamun Ibne Moin, Malathi Ram, George Pariyo, Abdullah H. Baqui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-10-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e026722.full
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author Salahuddin Ahmed
Dustin G Gibson
Rasheda Khanam
Sayedur Rahman
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed
Ahad Mahmud Khan
Syed Mamun Ibne Moin
Malathi Ram
George Pariyo
Abdullah H. Baqui
author_facet Salahuddin Ahmed
Dustin G Gibson
Rasheda Khanam
Sayedur Rahman
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed
Ahad Mahmud Khan
Syed Mamun Ibne Moin
Malathi Ram
George Pariyo
Abdullah H. Baqui
author_sort Salahuddin Ahmed
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Low-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh.Methods This is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1).Conclusions In view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.
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spelling doaj-art-855935fb41bc4e0eb2048e7dda21c6232025-08-20T02:37:41ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-10-0191010.1136/bmjopen-2018-026722Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional studySalahuddin Ahmed0Dustin G Gibson1Rasheda Khanam2Sayedur Rahman3Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria4Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed5Ahad Mahmud Khan6Syed Mamun Ibne Moin7Malathi Ram8George Pariyo9Abdullah H. Baqui101 Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, BangladeshInternational Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAProjahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh3 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2 Johns Hopkins University, Dhaka, BangladeshUsher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKProjahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh1 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA1 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesObjectives Low-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh.Methods This is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1).Conclusions In view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e026722.full
spellingShingle Salahuddin Ahmed
Dustin G Gibson
Rasheda Khanam
Sayedur Rahman
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed
Ahad Mahmud Khan
Syed Mamun Ibne Moin
Malathi Ram
George Pariyo
Abdullah H. Baqui
Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
BMJ Open
title Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural sylhet district of bangladesh a cross sectional study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e026722.full
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