A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)

We report the development of a procedure for ultrasound-assisted microscale extraction of metabolites from the flowers of Saint John’s wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.), designed for comparative metabolite analysis of plants from genetic resource collections and natural and segregati...

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Main Authors: Mila Rusanova, Krasimir Rusanov, Marina Alekova, Liliya Georgieva, Pavlina Georgieva, Tzvetelina Zagorcheva, Ivan Atanassov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7334
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author Mila Rusanova
Krasimir Rusanov
Marina Alekova
Liliya Georgieva
Pavlina Georgieva
Tzvetelina Zagorcheva
Ivan Atanassov
author_facet Mila Rusanova
Krasimir Rusanov
Marina Alekova
Liliya Georgieva
Pavlina Georgieva
Tzvetelina Zagorcheva
Ivan Atanassov
author_sort Mila Rusanova
collection DOAJ
description We report the development of a procedure for ultrasound-assisted microscale extraction of metabolites from the flowers of Saint John’s wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.), designed for comparative metabolite analysis of plants from genetic resource collections and natural and segregating populations. The procedure involves high-throughput methanol extraction of metabolites from ground-frozen flowers at a selected stage of flower development, which is carried out in a standard 2 mL Eppendorf tube. A total of 18 compounds, including chlorogenic acid, catechins, glycosylated flavonoids, hypericins, and hyperforin, were identified based on LC/DAD/QTOF analysis, of which 16 could be detected in the UV-Vis spectrum. Two alternative versions of the procedure were evaluated: the “single-flower” procedure, including repeated collection and analysis of single flowers from the tested plant, and the “bulk-flower” procedure, employing the collection of a bulk flower sample from the tested plant and analysis of a portion of the ground sample. The results showed excellent technical reproducibility of the “single-flower” procedure when used with the suggested combination of the peak areas for the proto- and stable forms of pseudohypericin and hypericin. Application of the developed “single-flower” procedure for comparison of the plants derived from seed progeny of the apomictic line Hp93 revealed significantly lower metabolite variation among the apomictic progeny plants compared to the variation observed among plants belonging to different genotypes.
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spelling doaj-art-8539339e9f5b49bcbe56f7d100caf9d52025-08-20T03:50:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513733410.3390/app15137334A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)Mila Rusanova0Krasimir Rusanov1Marina Alekova2Liliya Georgieva3Pavlina Georgieva4Tzvetelina Zagorcheva5Ivan Atanassov6Department of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnology, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaWe report the development of a procedure for ultrasound-assisted microscale extraction of metabolites from the flowers of Saint John’s wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.), designed for comparative metabolite analysis of plants from genetic resource collections and natural and segregating populations. The procedure involves high-throughput methanol extraction of metabolites from ground-frozen flowers at a selected stage of flower development, which is carried out in a standard 2 mL Eppendorf tube. A total of 18 compounds, including chlorogenic acid, catechins, glycosylated flavonoids, hypericins, and hyperforin, were identified based on LC/DAD/QTOF analysis, of which 16 could be detected in the UV-Vis spectrum. Two alternative versions of the procedure were evaluated: the “single-flower” procedure, including repeated collection and analysis of single flowers from the tested plant, and the “bulk-flower” procedure, employing the collection of a bulk flower sample from the tested plant and analysis of a portion of the ground sample. The results showed excellent technical reproducibility of the “single-flower” procedure when used with the suggested combination of the peak areas for the proto- and stable forms of pseudohypericin and hypericin. Application of the developed “single-flower” procedure for comparison of the plants derived from seed progeny of the apomictic line Hp93 revealed significantly lower metabolite variation among the apomictic progeny plants compared to the variation observed among plants belonging to different genotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7334metabolitesLC/DAD/QTOFcomparative analysisapomixis
spellingShingle Mila Rusanova
Krasimir Rusanov
Marina Alekova
Liliya Georgieva
Pavlina Georgieva
Tzvetelina Zagorcheva
Ivan Atanassov
A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
Applied Sciences
metabolites
LC/DAD/QTOF
comparative analysis
apomixis
title A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
title_full A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
title_fullStr A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
title_full_unstemmed A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
title_short A Simple High-Throughput Procedure for Microscale Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Flowers of Saint John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.)
title_sort simple high throughput procedure for microscale extraction of bioactive compounds from the flowers of saint john s wort i hypericum perforatum i l
topic metabolites
LC/DAD/QTOF
comparative analysis
apomixis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7334
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