A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction
Land subsidence is a worldwide threat that may cause irreversible damage to the environment and the infrastructures. Thus, identifying and mapping areas prone to land subsidence with accurate methods such as Land Subsidence Susceptibility Index (LSSI) mapping is crucial for mitigating the adverse im...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Computing and Geosciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197424000545 |
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| author | Diana Orlandi Esteban Díaz Roberto Tomás Federico A. Galatolo Mario G.C.A. Cimino Carolina Pagli Nicola Perilli |
| author_facet | Diana Orlandi Esteban Díaz Roberto Tomás Federico A. Galatolo Mario G.C.A. Cimino Carolina Pagli Nicola Perilli |
| author_sort | Diana Orlandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Land subsidence is a worldwide threat that may cause irreversible damage to the environment and the infrastructures. Thus, identifying and mapping areas prone to land subsidence with accurate methods such as Land Subsidence Susceptibility Index (LSSI) mapping is crucial for mitigating the adverse impacts of this geohazard. Also, Machine Learning (ML) is now becoming a powerful tool to analyze vast and different datasets such as those necessary for LSSI mapping. In this study, we use the conventional Frequency Ratio (FR) method and ML models to generate LSSI maps of the region of Murcia (Spain) where land subsidence occurred in the past due to groundwater overdraft. A LSSI map was initially generated with known FR. Then, additional Conditioning Factors (CFs) with increased spatial resolution were used to train several ML models and generate a new LSSI map. The Extra-Trees Classifier (ETC) outperformed the other approaches, achieving the best performance with a weighted average precision and F1-Score of 0.96, after optimizing its hyperparameters. Then, a third LSSI map was calculated using the FR method and observations of land subsidence from InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). This study shows that the effectiveness of using several CFs depends on the added information of each layer. Moreover, the comparison between the different LSSI maps and InSAR data highlights the crucial role of the spatial resolution for accurate mapping, thus enhancing land subsidence risk assessment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-852867c967ef41d0b81c2c0fe2e3a8a3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-1974 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Applied Computing and Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-852867c967ef41d0b81c2c0fe2e3a8a32025-08-20T02:48:58ZengElsevierApplied Computing and Geosciences2590-19742024-12-012410020710.1016/j.acags.2024.100207A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extractionDiana Orlandi0Esteban Díaz1Roberto Tomás2Federico A. Galatolo3Mario G.C.A. Cimino4Carolina Pagli5Nicola Perilli6Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy; Corresponding author. Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy.Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, SpainDept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, SpainDept. of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, ItalyDept. of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, ItalyDept. of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, ItalyDept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, ItalyLand subsidence is a worldwide threat that may cause irreversible damage to the environment and the infrastructures. Thus, identifying and mapping areas prone to land subsidence with accurate methods such as Land Subsidence Susceptibility Index (LSSI) mapping is crucial for mitigating the adverse impacts of this geohazard. Also, Machine Learning (ML) is now becoming a powerful tool to analyze vast and different datasets such as those necessary for LSSI mapping. In this study, we use the conventional Frequency Ratio (FR) method and ML models to generate LSSI maps of the region of Murcia (Spain) where land subsidence occurred in the past due to groundwater overdraft. A LSSI map was initially generated with known FR. Then, additional Conditioning Factors (CFs) with increased spatial resolution were used to train several ML models and generate a new LSSI map. The Extra-Trees Classifier (ETC) outperformed the other approaches, achieving the best performance with a weighted average precision and F1-Score of 0.96, after optimizing its hyperparameters. Then, a third LSSI map was calculated using the FR method and observations of land subsidence from InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). This study shows that the effectiveness of using several CFs depends on the added information of each layer. Moreover, the comparison between the different LSSI maps and InSAR data highlights the crucial role of the spatial resolution for accurate mapping, thus enhancing land subsidence risk assessment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197424000545Land subsidenceSusceptibility mappingMachine learningInSAR |
| spellingShingle | Diana Orlandi Esteban Díaz Roberto Tomás Federico A. Galatolo Mario G.C.A. Cimino Carolina Pagli Nicola Perilli A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction Applied Computing and Geosciences Land subsidence Susceptibility mapping Machine learning InSAR |
| title | A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| title_full | A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| title_fullStr | A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| title_short | A machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| title_sort | machine learning approach for mapping susceptibility to land subsidence caused by ground water extraction |
| topic | Land subsidence Susceptibility mapping Machine learning InSAR |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197424000545 |
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