Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species
This study aimed to evaluate the emergence, early growth, and anatomy of <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi cultivated in iron mining tailings. The seeds were obtained from trees used in urban afforestation and cultivated on two substrates: sand and iron mining tailings. The chemical c...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Poliana Noemia da Silva Carlos Henrique Goulart dos Reis Vinícius Politi Duarte Evaristo Mauro de Castro Maxwell Pereira de Pádua Fabricio José Pereira |
| author_facet | Poliana Noemia da Silva Carlos Henrique Goulart dos Reis Vinícius Politi Duarte Evaristo Mauro de Castro Maxwell Pereira de Pádua Fabricio José Pereira |
| author_sort | Poliana Noemia da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the emergence, early growth, and anatomy of <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi cultivated in iron mining tailings. The seeds were obtained from trees used in urban afforestation and cultivated on two substrates: sand and iron mining tailings. The chemical composition of the mining tailing was characterized. The experiment was conducted in a growth room for 60 days. The emergence rate, seedling survival, height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and leaf and root anatomy were evaluated. The analysis of the composition of the mining tailings indicated that macro- and micronutrients were present, as well as potentially toxic elements such as Al, Cd, Cr, and Pb. The mining tailings reduced the emergence rate, and 25% of the seedlings died in this substrate. In addition, the mining tailings promoted a significant reduction in all parameters investigated, including seedling height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, total leaf thickness, abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness, and the length and width of the seeds. Additionally, the chloroplasts, the metaxylem vessel diameter, and the phloem proportion were evaluated. Interestingly, the tailings promoted an increase in the secretory channel. In the roots, no significant changes were observed in the parameters analyzed. Thus, the seeds of <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> germinated in the iron mining tailings, and 75% of the seedlings survived, showing their potential for reforestation. Nonetheless, iron mining tailings exhibited toxicity to <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> seedlings, reducing their photosynthetic tissues and, consequently, their growth; this toxicity is likely related to potentially toxic elements present in tailings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84fe095b834f478eb06bc489ff861ecc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-6489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Mining |
| spelling | doaj-art-84fe095b834f478eb06bc489ff861ecc2025-08-20T01:55:42ZengMDPI AGMining2673-64892024-09-014371973210.3390/mining4030040Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the SpeciesPoliana Noemia da Silva0Carlos Henrique Goulart dos Reis1Vinícius Politi Duarte2Evaristo Mauro de Castro3Maxwell Pereira de Pádua4Fabricio José Pereira5Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras 37200-000, MG, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras 37200-000, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras 37200-000, MG, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras 37200-000, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, BrazilThis study aimed to evaluate the emergence, early growth, and anatomy of <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi cultivated in iron mining tailings. The seeds were obtained from trees used in urban afforestation and cultivated on two substrates: sand and iron mining tailings. The chemical composition of the mining tailing was characterized. The experiment was conducted in a growth room for 60 days. The emergence rate, seedling survival, height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and leaf and root anatomy were evaluated. The analysis of the composition of the mining tailings indicated that macro- and micronutrients were present, as well as potentially toxic elements such as Al, Cd, Cr, and Pb. The mining tailings reduced the emergence rate, and 25% of the seedlings died in this substrate. In addition, the mining tailings promoted a significant reduction in all parameters investigated, including seedling height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, total leaf thickness, abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness, and the length and width of the seeds. Additionally, the chloroplasts, the metaxylem vessel diameter, and the phloem proportion were evaluated. Interestingly, the tailings promoted an increase in the secretory channel. In the roots, no significant changes were observed in the parameters analyzed. Thus, the seeds of <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> germinated in the iron mining tailings, and 75% of the seedlings survived, showing their potential for reforestation. Nonetheless, iron mining tailings exhibited toxicity to <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> seedlings, reducing their photosynthetic tissues and, consequently, their growth; this toxicity is likely related to potentially toxic elements present in tailings.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/4/3/40Brazilian Peppertreepotentially toxic elementsreforestationseed germinationseedling early growth |
| spellingShingle | Poliana Noemia da Silva Carlos Henrique Goulart dos Reis Vinícius Politi Duarte Evaristo Mauro de Castro Maxwell Pereira de Pádua Fabricio José Pereira Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species Mining Brazilian Peppertree potentially toxic elements reforestation seed germination seedling early growth |
| title | Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species |
| title_full | Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species |
| title_short | Toxicity of Iron Mining Tailings and Potential for Revegetation Using <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi Based on the Emergence, Growth, and Anatomy of the Species |
| title_sort | toxicity of iron mining tailings and potential for revegetation using i schinus terebinthifolia i raddi based on the emergence growth and anatomy of the species |
| topic | Brazilian Peppertree potentially toxic elements reforestation seed germination seedling early growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/4/3/40 |
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