Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany
Aims / Background: This paper analyzes the development of 18 gross and fine motor development steps (milestones) in the first two years of life and presents norms for children with normal birth weight and underweight children. Design / Method: The data come from a research project with more than 340...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Global Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009725000120 |
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| author | Heinz Krombholz |
| author_facet | Heinz Krombholz |
| author_sort | Heinz Krombholz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims / Background: This paper analyzes the development of 18 gross and fine motor development steps (milestones) in the first two years of life and presents norms for children with normal birth weight and underweight children. Design / Method: The data come from a research project with more than 3400 parents, mainly in Germany, who participated. Using a “citizen-science approach,” parents reported their children's developmental progress online based on a calendar that charts 14 gross and four fine motor skills from birth to the point when children manage to walk. Results / Conclusion: Only small and insignificant differences in reaching milestones were found between girls and boys. In addition, no impact of kind of delivery, nutrition, size at birth, siblings, age of mothers, social status of parents, and month of birth on motor development was found. However, preterm or underweight newborns showed a significant delayed motor development compared to newborns with normal birth weight. Therefore, separate norm values are presented for the total sample and for normal birth weight and underweight children. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84f52cc2d1c34f15b127acb07de95c00 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-0097 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-84f52cc2d1c34f15b127acb07de95c002025-08-20T03:48:14ZengElsevierGlobal Pediatrics2667-00972025-06-011210025410.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100254Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for GermanyHeinz Krombholz0Corresponding author at: Staatsinstitut für Frühpädagogik und Medienkompetenz (IFP), Winzererstraße 9, D 80797 München.; Bavarian State Institute for Early Childhood Research and Media Literacy (IFP), Munich, GermanyAims / Background: This paper analyzes the development of 18 gross and fine motor development steps (milestones) in the first two years of life and presents norms for children with normal birth weight and underweight children. Design / Method: The data come from a research project with more than 3400 parents, mainly in Germany, who participated. Using a “citizen-science approach,” parents reported their children's developmental progress online based on a calendar that charts 14 gross and four fine motor skills from birth to the point when children manage to walk. Results / Conclusion: Only small and insignificant differences in reaching milestones were found between girls and boys. In addition, no impact of kind of delivery, nutrition, size at birth, siblings, age of mothers, social status of parents, and month of birth on motor development was found. However, preterm or underweight newborns showed a significant delayed motor development compared to newborns with normal birth weight. Therefore, separate norm values are presented for the total sample and for normal birth weight and underweight children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009725000120Early childhoodMotor developmentMotor milestonesCitizen scienceLongitudinal study |
| spellingShingle | Heinz Krombholz Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany Global Pediatrics Early childhood Motor development Motor milestones Citizen science Longitudinal study |
| title | Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany |
| title_full | Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany |
| title_fullStr | Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany |
| title_short | Gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life - representative data for Germany |
| title_sort | gross and fine motor milestones in the first two years of life representative data for germany |
| topic | Early childhood Motor development Motor milestones Citizen science Longitudinal study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009725000120 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heinzkrombholz grossandfinemotormilestonesinthefirsttwoyearsofliferepresentativedataforgermany |