Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis

Insects can survive harsh conditions, including Arctic winters, by entering a hormonally induced state of dormancy, known as diapause. Diapause is triggered by environmental cues such as shortening of the photoperiod (lengthening of the night). The time of entry into diapause depends on the latitude...

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Main Authors: Giulia Manoli, Pekka Lankinen, Enrico Bertolini, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-03-01
Series:Open Biology
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240403
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author Giulia Manoli
Pekka Lankinen
Enrico Bertolini
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
author_facet Giulia Manoli
Pekka Lankinen
Enrico Bertolini
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
author_sort Giulia Manoli
collection DOAJ
description Insects can survive harsh conditions, including Arctic winters, by entering a hormonally induced state of dormancy, known as diapause. Diapause is triggered by environmental cues such as shortening of the photoperiod (lengthening of the night). The time of entry into diapause depends on the latitude of the insects’ habitat, and this applies even within a species: populations living at higher latitudes enter diapause earlier in the year than populations living at lower latitudes. A long-standing question in biology is whether the internal circadian clock, which governs daily behaviour and serves as a reference clock to measure night length, shows similar latitudinal adaptations. To address this question, we examined the onset of diapause and various behavioural and molecular parameters of the circadian clock in the cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila littoralis, a species distributed throughout Europe from the Black Sea (41° N) to Arctic regions (69° N). We found that all clock parameters examined showed the same correlation with latitude as the critical night length for diapause induction. We conclude that the circadian clock has adapted to the latitude and that this may result in the observed latitudinal differences in the onset of diapause.
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spelling doaj-art-84e176298ebc4ba789b2b30dba349e352025-08-20T03:14:24ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412025-03-0115310.1098/rsob.240403Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralisGiulia Manoli0Pekka Lankinen1Enrico Bertolini2Charlotte Helfrich-Förster3Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu , Oulu, FinlandNeurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, GermanyNeurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, GermanyInsects can survive harsh conditions, including Arctic winters, by entering a hormonally induced state of dormancy, known as diapause. Diapause is triggered by environmental cues such as shortening of the photoperiod (lengthening of the night). The time of entry into diapause depends on the latitude of the insects’ habitat, and this applies even within a species: populations living at higher latitudes enter diapause earlier in the year than populations living at lower latitudes. A long-standing question in biology is whether the internal circadian clock, which governs daily behaviour and serves as a reference clock to measure night length, shows similar latitudinal adaptations. To address this question, we examined the onset of diapause and various behavioural and molecular parameters of the circadian clock in the cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila littoralis, a species distributed throughout Europe from the Black Sea (41° N) to Arctic regions (69° N). We found that all clock parameters examined showed the same correlation with latitude as the critical night length for diapause induction. We conclude that the circadian clock has adapted to the latitude and that this may result in the observed latitudinal differences in the onset of diapause.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240403diapausecircadian clockphotoperiodismlatitudinal clinesclock proteinspigment-dispersing factor
spellingShingle Giulia Manoli
Pekka Lankinen
Enrico Bertolini
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
Open Biology
diapause
circadian clock
photoperiodism
latitudinal clines
clock proteins
pigment-dispersing factor
title Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
title_full Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
title_fullStr Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
title_full_unstemmed Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
title_short Correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in Drosophila littoralis
title_sort correlation between circadian and photoperiodic latitudinal clines in drosophila littoralis
topic diapause
circadian clock
photoperiodism
latitudinal clines
clock proteins
pigment-dispersing factor
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240403
work_keys_str_mv AT giuliamanoli correlationbetweencircadianandphotoperiodiclatitudinalclinesindrosophilalittoralis
AT pekkalankinen correlationbetweencircadianandphotoperiodiclatitudinalclinesindrosophilalittoralis
AT enricobertolini correlationbetweencircadianandphotoperiodiclatitudinalclinesindrosophilalittoralis
AT charlottehelfrichforster correlationbetweencircadianandphotoperiodiclatitudinalclinesindrosophilalittoralis