Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Clinical nutrition treatment is the central part of diabetes management, such as prevention, treatment, and self-management of diabetes, and personalized clinical nutrition treatment, which enables improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to contribute...

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Main Authors: Mi-Jin Kim, Ji-Sook Park, Sung-Rae Cho, Daeung Yu, Jung-Eun Yim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2025-04-01
Series:Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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Online Access:http://kjcn.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjcn-2025-00059.pdf
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author Mi-Jin Kim
Ji-Sook Park
Sung-Rae Cho
Daeung Yu
Jung-Eun Yim
author_facet Mi-Jin Kim
Ji-Sook Park
Sung-Rae Cho
Daeung Yu
Jung-Eun Yim
author_sort Mi-Jin Kim
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Clinical nutrition treatment is the central part of diabetes management, such as prevention, treatment, and self-management of diabetes, and personalized clinical nutrition treatment, which enables improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to contribute to the improvement of appropriate nutrition management in personalized treatment for obese and non-obese diabetes patients. Methods T2DM patients were recruited as participants, and 36 final participants were assigned to the lean diabetes mellitus group (LDM; body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2) and the obese diabetes mellitus group (ODM; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). We assessed the dietary intakes, body composition, dietary habits, the Korean version of obesity-related quality of life, and biochemical indices. Results According to the phenotype’s comparison, the ODM group had a high prevalence of T2DM complications and hypertension, had a dietary habit of less than 10 minutes of mealtime duration and preferred fast food intake, and had a low obesity-related quality of life. However, the LDM group had a high choice of Korean dishes at the time of eating out and a high intake of vitamin C, and iodine because of the intake of vegetables and seaweeds. Conclusion We observed differences in diet, nutrient intake, and clinical characteristics according to the phenotype of T2DM patients. In particular, obese diabetes patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, bad dietary habits, and low obesity-related quality of life. Therefore, personalized nutrition treatment is needed in consideration of the risk of cardiovascular disease and dietary habits for patients in the ODM group, as well as determining the energy requirements of Korean patients with T2DM.
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spelling doaj-art-84c4d4eb46bc40d5bfad849269c8e5ad2025-08-20T03:07:55ZengThe Korean Society of Community NutritionKorean Journal of Community Nutrition2951-31462025-04-0130212713910.5720/kjcn.2025.000591681Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional studyMi-Jin Kim0Ji-Sook Park1Sung-Rae Cho2Daeung Yu3Jung-Eun Yim4 Student, Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea Instructor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea Doctor, Department of Endocrinology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, KoreaObjectives Clinical nutrition treatment is the central part of diabetes management, such as prevention, treatment, and self-management of diabetes, and personalized clinical nutrition treatment, which enables improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to contribute to the improvement of appropriate nutrition management in personalized treatment for obese and non-obese diabetes patients. Methods T2DM patients were recruited as participants, and 36 final participants were assigned to the lean diabetes mellitus group (LDM; body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2) and the obese diabetes mellitus group (ODM; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). We assessed the dietary intakes, body composition, dietary habits, the Korean version of obesity-related quality of life, and biochemical indices. Results According to the phenotype’s comparison, the ODM group had a high prevalence of T2DM complications and hypertension, had a dietary habit of less than 10 minutes of mealtime duration and preferred fast food intake, and had a low obesity-related quality of life. However, the LDM group had a high choice of Korean dishes at the time of eating out and a high intake of vitamin C, and iodine because of the intake of vegetables and seaweeds. Conclusion We observed differences in diet, nutrient intake, and clinical characteristics according to the phenotype of T2DM patients. In particular, obese diabetes patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, bad dietary habits, and low obesity-related quality of life. Therefore, personalized nutrition treatment is needed in consideration of the risk of cardiovascular disease and dietary habits for patients in the ODM group, as well as determining the energy requirements of Korean patients with T2DM.http://kjcn.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjcn-2025-00059.pdfdiabetes mellitus, type 2obesityfeeding behaviorcardiovascular disease
spellingShingle Mi-Jin Kim
Ji-Sook Park
Sung-Rae Cho
Daeung Yu
Jung-Eun Yim
Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
diabetes mellitus, type 2
obesity
feeding behavior
cardiovascular disease
title Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
title_full Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
title_short Comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
title_sort comparison of clinical characteristics and dietary intakes according to phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in south korea a cross sectional study
topic diabetes mellitus, type 2
obesity
feeding behavior
cardiovascular disease
url http://kjcn.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjcn-2025-00059.pdf
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