Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes

IntroductionInfantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) has significant impact on affected children that affects their future seizure control and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify potential short- and long-term predictors of outcomes in children diagnosed IESS.MethodThi...

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Main Authors: Mohammed A. Al-Omari, Melissa Chavez-Castillo, Michael R. Miller, Asuri N. Prasad, Maryam Nabavi Nouri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1606702/full
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author Mohammed A. Al-Omari
Melissa Chavez-Castillo
Michael R. Miller
Michael R. Miller
Asuri N. Prasad
Asuri N. Prasad
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
author_facet Mohammed A. Al-Omari
Melissa Chavez-Castillo
Michael R. Miller
Michael R. Miller
Asuri N. Prasad
Asuri N. Prasad
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
author_sort Mohammed A. Al-Omari
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionInfantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) has significant impact on affected children that affects their future seizure control and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify potential short- and long-term predictors of outcomes in children diagnosed IESS.MethodThis retrospective study evaluated outcomes of seizure control and developmental status in a historical cohort of 60 children with IESS. The predictor variables included: age, treatment regimen, and early treatment response at 14 days, 3 and 6 months on the measured outcomes.ResultsAmong the 60 children in the cohort, 75% had identified etiologies: Genetic (40%), Structural (35%), and unknown causes (25%). Treatment interventions included either vigabatrin monotherapy (58.33%) or hormonal therapy with or without vigabatrin (41.67%). Clinical response at 3 and 6 months significantly correlated with good seizure control (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007, respectively) and favorable developmental outcome (p < 0.001) at last follow-up. Logistic regression showed that treatment response at 3 months increased the odds of good seizure control by 7.21 times (95%CI = 1.93–26.91, p = 0.003), after adjusting for age, treatment regimen, and etiology. Genetic and structural etiologies were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of developing epileptic encephalopathy (EE), with odds ratios of 11.79 (95% CI = 2.04–68.06, p = 0.006) for genetic etiology and 10.21 (95% CI = 1.75–59.65, p = 0.010) for structural etiology.DiscussionEarly treatment response at 3 and 6 months strongly predicts favorable seizure and developmental outcomes in IESS, with poor responders at these time points more likely to develop EE. Genetic and structural etiologies significantly influence EE risk, emphasizing the need for early identification, sustained treatment monitoring, and potential targeted interventions for high-risk subgroups.
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spelling doaj-art-84bb6cdef9cd439e9fc39d8cdf4458b62025-08-20T02:23:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-06-011310.3389/fped.2025.16067021606702Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomesMohammed A. Al-Omari0Melissa Chavez-Castillo1Michael R. Miller2Michael R. Miller3Asuri N. Prasad4Asuri N. Prasad5Maryam Nabavi Nouri6Maryam Nabavi Nouri7Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, MexicoDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaChildren's Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaChildren's Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaChildren's Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaIntroductionInfantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) has significant impact on affected children that affects their future seizure control and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify potential short- and long-term predictors of outcomes in children diagnosed IESS.MethodThis retrospective study evaluated outcomes of seizure control and developmental status in a historical cohort of 60 children with IESS. The predictor variables included: age, treatment regimen, and early treatment response at 14 days, 3 and 6 months on the measured outcomes.ResultsAmong the 60 children in the cohort, 75% had identified etiologies: Genetic (40%), Structural (35%), and unknown causes (25%). Treatment interventions included either vigabatrin monotherapy (58.33%) or hormonal therapy with or without vigabatrin (41.67%). Clinical response at 3 and 6 months significantly correlated with good seizure control (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007, respectively) and favorable developmental outcome (p < 0.001) at last follow-up. Logistic regression showed that treatment response at 3 months increased the odds of good seizure control by 7.21 times (95%CI = 1.93–26.91, p = 0.003), after adjusting for age, treatment regimen, and etiology. Genetic and structural etiologies were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of developing epileptic encephalopathy (EE), with odds ratios of 11.79 (95% CI = 2.04–68.06, p = 0.006) for genetic etiology and 10.21 (95% CI = 1.75–59.65, p = 0.010) for structural etiology.DiscussionEarly treatment response at 3 and 6 months strongly predicts favorable seizure and developmental outcomes in IESS, with poor responders at these time points more likely to develop EE. Genetic and structural etiologies significantly influence EE risk, emphasizing the need for early identification, sustained treatment monitoring, and potential targeted interventions for high-risk subgroups.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1606702/fullepileptic spasmsoutcome predictorsdevelopmental epileptic encephalopathyinfantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS)developmental delay
spellingShingle Mohammed A. Al-Omari
Melissa Chavez-Castillo
Michael R. Miller
Michael R. Miller
Asuri N. Prasad
Asuri N. Prasad
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
Maryam Nabavi Nouri
Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
Frontiers in Pediatrics
epileptic spasms
outcome predictors
developmental epileptic encephalopathy
infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS)
developmental delay
title Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
title_full Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
title_fullStr Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
title_short Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes
title_sort infantile epileptic spasm syndrome predictors of short and long term outcomes
topic epileptic spasms
outcome predictors
developmental epileptic encephalopathy
infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS)
developmental delay
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1606702/full
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