Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors
Abstract We demonstrate an enhancement in the figure of merit (μC*) of a flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) and its dopamine (DA) biosensor by blending various open-shell, non-conjugated radical polymers featuring nitroxide radical active sites as pendant groups with closed-shell, et...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | npj Flexible Electronics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00412-9 |
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| author | Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen Quyen Vu Thi Quynh H. Nguyen Jaehyoung Ko Hoyeon Lee Bryan Boudouris Seung-Yeol Jeon Yongho Joo |
| author_facet | Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen Quyen Vu Thi Quynh H. Nguyen Jaehyoung Ko Hoyeon Lee Bryan Boudouris Seung-Yeol Jeon Yongho Joo |
| author_sort | Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We demonstrate an enhancement in the figure of merit (μC*) of a flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) and its dopamine (DA) biosensor by blending various open-shell, non-conjugated radical polymers featuring nitroxide radical active sites as pendant groups with closed-shell, ethylene glycol (EG)-functionalized conjugated polymers as a macromolecular active layer system. The precisely controlled ionic transport of the OECT by the radical polymer modulated the doping level of the EGylated polymer, ensuring well-regulated redox activity and resulting in μC* values exceeding 192 F V-¹ cm-¹ s-¹, along with an on/off ratio of 104. Additionally, we achieved an ultrasensitive detection limit for DA at the clinically relevant level of 1 pM, along with exceptional specificity, effectively distinguishing DA even in the presence of a substantial excess of interfering substances. These findings underscore the potential of a systematic design approach for developing an advanced, flexible OECT-based biosensor platform through the strategic selection and processing of open- and closed-shell macromolecules. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84ae4467fa4e4748b783ad64e2cbe8fa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2397-4621 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Flexible Electronics |
| spelling | doaj-art-84ae4467fa4e4748b783ad64e2cbe8fa2025-08-20T03:52:19ZengNature Portfolionpj Flexible Electronics2397-46212025-05-019111210.1038/s41528-025-00412-9Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistorsDinh Cung Tien Nguyen0Quyen Vu Thi1Quynh H. Nguyen2Jaehyoung Ko3Hoyeon Lee4Bryan Boudouris5Seung-Yeol Jeon6Yongho Joo7Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue UniversityInstitute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Abstract We demonstrate an enhancement in the figure of merit (μC*) of a flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) and its dopamine (DA) biosensor by blending various open-shell, non-conjugated radical polymers featuring nitroxide radical active sites as pendant groups with closed-shell, ethylene glycol (EG)-functionalized conjugated polymers as a macromolecular active layer system. The precisely controlled ionic transport of the OECT by the radical polymer modulated the doping level of the EGylated polymer, ensuring well-regulated redox activity and resulting in μC* values exceeding 192 F V-¹ cm-¹ s-¹, along with an on/off ratio of 104. Additionally, we achieved an ultrasensitive detection limit for DA at the clinically relevant level of 1 pM, along with exceptional specificity, effectively distinguishing DA even in the presence of a substantial excess of interfering substances. These findings underscore the potential of a systematic design approach for developing an advanced, flexible OECT-based biosensor platform through the strategic selection and processing of open- and closed-shell macromolecules.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00412-9 |
| spellingShingle | Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen Quyen Vu Thi Quynh H. Nguyen Jaehyoung Ko Hoyeon Lee Bryan Boudouris Seung-Yeol Jeon Yongho Joo Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors npj Flexible Electronics |
| title | Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| title_full | Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| title_fullStr | Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| title_short | Engineering flexible dopamine biosensors: blended EGylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| title_sort | engineering flexible dopamine biosensors blended egylated conjugated and radical polymers in organic electrochemical transistors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00412-9 |
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