Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer

Increasingly, renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response programs (DRPs) are being discussed due to environmental concerns and smart grid developments. An innovative home appliance scheduling scheme is presented in this paper, which incorporates a local energy gri...

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Main Authors: Moslem Dehghani, Seyyed Mohammad Bornapour, Ehsan Sheybani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1071
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author Moslem Dehghani
Seyyed Mohammad Bornapour
Ehsan Sheybani
author_facet Moslem Dehghani
Seyyed Mohammad Bornapour
Ehsan Sheybani
author_sort Moslem Dehghani
collection DOAJ
description Increasingly, renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response programs (DRPs) are being discussed due to environmental concerns and smart grid developments. An innovative home appliance scheduling scheme is presented in this paper, which incorporates a local energy grid with wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV), and ESS, which is connected to an upstream grid, to schedule household appliances while considering various constraints and DRP. Firstly, the household appliances are specified as non-shiftable and shiftable (interruptible, and uninterruptible) loads, respectively. Secondly, an enhanced mathematical formulation is presented for smart home energy management which considers the real-time price of upstream grids, the price of WT, and PV, and also the sold energy from the smart home to the microgrid. Three objective functions are considered in the proposed energy management: electricity bill, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and pollution emissions. To solve the optimization problem, a novel modification-based grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is proposed. When the wolves hunt prey, other wild animals try to steal the prey or some part of the prey, hence they should protect the prey; therefore, this modification mimics the battle between the grey wolves and other wild animals for the hunted prey. This modification improves the performance of the GWO in finding the best solution. Simulations are examined and compared under different conditions to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested scheme for simultaneously optimizing all three objective functions. Also, both GWO and improved GWO (IGWO) are compared under different scenarios, which shows that IGWO improvement has better performance and is more robust. It has been seen in the results that the suggested framework can significantly diminish the energy costs, PAR, and emissions simultaneously.
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spelling doaj-art-84a03361de3f4386be6ffef23ec32a692025-08-20T02:58:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185107110.3390/en18051071Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf OptimizerMoslem Dehghani0Seyyed Mohammad Bornapour1Ehsan Sheybani2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7493475918, IranElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7493475918, IranSchool of Information Systems and Management, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USAIncreasingly, renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response programs (DRPs) are being discussed due to environmental concerns and smart grid developments. An innovative home appliance scheduling scheme is presented in this paper, which incorporates a local energy grid with wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV), and ESS, which is connected to an upstream grid, to schedule household appliances while considering various constraints and DRP. Firstly, the household appliances are specified as non-shiftable and shiftable (interruptible, and uninterruptible) loads, respectively. Secondly, an enhanced mathematical formulation is presented for smart home energy management which considers the real-time price of upstream grids, the price of WT, and PV, and also the sold energy from the smart home to the microgrid. Three objective functions are considered in the proposed energy management: electricity bill, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and pollution emissions. To solve the optimization problem, a novel modification-based grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is proposed. When the wolves hunt prey, other wild animals try to steal the prey or some part of the prey, hence they should protect the prey; therefore, this modification mimics the battle between the grey wolves and other wild animals for the hunted prey. This modification improves the performance of the GWO in finding the best solution. Simulations are examined and compared under different conditions to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested scheme for simultaneously optimizing all three objective functions. Also, both GWO and improved GWO (IGWO) are compared under different scenarios, which shows that IGWO improvement has better performance and is more robust. It has been seen in the results that the suggested framework can significantly diminish the energy costs, PAR, and emissions simultaneously.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1071smart homeappliances schedulingrenewable energy resourcesimproved grey wolf optimizerenergy storage system
spellingShingle Moslem Dehghani
Seyyed Mohammad Bornapour
Ehsan Sheybani
Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
Energies
smart home
appliances scheduling
renewable energy resources
improved grey wolf optimizer
energy storage system
title Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
title_full Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
title_fullStr Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
title_short Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
title_sort enhanced energy management system in smart homes considering economic technical and environmental aspects a novel modification based grey wolf optimizer
topic smart home
appliances scheduling
renewable energy resources
improved grey wolf optimizer
energy storage system
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1071
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