The lacto-vegetarian dietary score and kidney stones are likely to be inversely associated in men but not in women: A case-control study

Objective: Given that the lacto-vegetarian dietary score (LVDS), has not been previously examined in relation to formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones (KS), we chose to explore this potential association. Methods: This case-control investigation involved 620 individuals, comprising 310 n...

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Main Authors: Samira Movahed, Farid Zayeri, Behnood Abbasi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Human Nutrition & Metabolism
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149725000222
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Summary:Objective: Given that the lacto-vegetarian dietary score (LVDS), has not been previously examined in relation to formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones (KS), we chose to explore this potential association. Methods: This case-control investigation involved 620 individuals, comprising 310 newly diagnosed patients with CaOx stones and 310 control subjects. Dietary consumption was evaluated through a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire covering the previous year. The relationship between LVDs and KS was analyzed utilizing multivariable logistic regression. Results: The results of the current study demonstrated that controls had higher mean LVDs (36.62 ± 4.74 vs 35.55 ± 5.27, P = 0.008), intake of fruits (214.31 ± 116.04 vs 196.58 ± 100.94, P = 0.043), vegetables (322.98 ± 193.89 vs 275.10 ± 154.41, P < 0.001), dairy (407.09 ± 224.24 vs 349.71 ± 222.93, P = 0.001) and olive oil (13.12 ± 2.82 vs 12.47 ± 2.09, P = 0.001) than those with CaOx KS. The univariate logistic regression results revealed that each unit increase in LVD score decreases the odds of having KS by 4.2 % (OR = 0.958, P = 0.009). After adjusting for age and BMI, the estimated OR was 0.95 for men (P = 0.013). Participants in the first tertile of LVDs had about 52 % higher odds of having KS than those in the third tertile (OR = 1.52, P = 0.04). However, a significant difference was found in male participants in the first and third tertiles of LVDs regarding the odds of having KS after adjusting for age and BMI (adjusted OR = 1.87, P = 0.02). The similar difference was not significant in female participants (OR = 0.49, P = 0.15). Conclusion: Increasing in the LVD score is associated with a decrease in the likelihood of developing KS overall, with a more pronounced reduction in men.
ISSN:2666-1497