Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women
Background and purpose: Cancer affects 1 in 1000–2000 pregnancies annually worldwide, creating challenges in balancing cancer treatment and fetal safety. This study compares out-of-field radiation doses between two treatment modalities: 6MV external photon radiotherapy (XRT) and pencil beam scanning...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405631625000260 |
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| author | Menke Weessies Murillo Bellezzo Britt J.P. Hupkens Frank Verhaegen Gloria Vilches-Freixas |
| author_facet | Menke Weessies Murillo Bellezzo Britt J.P. Hupkens Frank Verhaegen Gloria Vilches-Freixas |
| author_sort | Menke Weessies |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and purpose: Cancer affects 1 in 1000–2000 pregnancies annually worldwide, creating challenges in balancing cancer treatment and fetal safety. This study compares out-of-field radiation doses between two treatment modalities: 6MV external photon radiotherapy (XRT) and pencil beam scanning proton-therapy (PBS-PRT) for breast cancer, including imaging, to evaluate PBS-PRT as a potential new treatment option. Materials and methods: For breast cancer involving lymph node levels 1–4 and the intramammary lymph nodes, treatment plans were created for XRT (with Flattening Filter (FF) and FF-Free (FFF)) and PBS-PRT, prescribing 15 × 2.67 Gy(RBE). Measurements were conducted using an adapted anthropomorphic phantom representing 20- and 30-week pregnancy. Bubble detectors placed in the phantom’s abdomen assessed neutron dose from PBS-PRT, while a Farmer ion chamber was used for imaging and XRT dose. Results: At 20 weeks, PBS-PRT including imaging delivered 22.4 mSv, reducing dose 3.4-fold versus 6FF XRT and 2.5-fold versus 6FFF XRT. At 30 weeks, the PBS-PRT dose was 25.4 mSv, resulting in 7.6-fold and 6.3-fold reductions compared to 6FF and 6FFF XRT, respectively. Conclusions: This study presents the first one-by-one comparison between PBS-PRT and different XRT modalities for pregnant breast cancer patients with an adapted anthropomorphic phantom. PBS-PRT measurements showed that the total equivalent dose was below the 100 mSv threshold outlined in AAPM Task Group Report No. 36 for a 30-week pregnancy, even under a worst-case scenario, maintaining treatment goals. These findings support the adoption of PBS-PRT as the preferred approach for treating pregnant breast cancer patients, should radiotherapy be required. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84991dc4825a4ef88d5198d3e92a1353 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6316 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-84991dc4825a4ef88d5198d3e92a13532025-02-09T05:00:37ZengElsevierPhysics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology2405-63162025-01-0133100721Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant womenMenke Weessies0Murillo Bellezzo1Britt J.P. Hupkens2Frank Verhaegen3Gloria Vilches-Freixas4Corresponding author at: Doctor Tanslaan 12, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsDepartment of Radiation Oncology (Maastro) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsDepartment of Radiation Oncology (Maastro) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsDepartment of Radiation Oncology (Maastro) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsDepartment of Radiation Oncology (Maastro) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsBackground and purpose: Cancer affects 1 in 1000–2000 pregnancies annually worldwide, creating challenges in balancing cancer treatment and fetal safety. This study compares out-of-field radiation doses between two treatment modalities: 6MV external photon radiotherapy (XRT) and pencil beam scanning proton-therapy (PBS-PRT) for breast cancer, including imaging, to evaluate PBS-PRT as a potential new treatment option. Materials and methods: For breast cancer involving lymph node levels 1–4 and the intramammary lymph nodes, treatment plans were created for XRT (with Flattening Filter (FF) and FF-Free (FFF)) and PBS-PRT, prescribing 15 × 2.67 Gy(RBE). Measurements were conducted using an adapted anthropomorphic phantom representing 20- and 30-week pregnancy. Bubble detectors placed in the phantom’s abdomen assessed neutron dose from PBS-PRT, while a Farmer ion chamber was used for imaging and XRT dose. Results: At 20 weeks, PBS-PRT including imaging delivered 22.4 mSv, reducing dose 3.4-fold versus 6FF XRT and 2.5-fold versus 6FFF XRT. At 30 weeks, the PBS-PRT dose was 25.4 mSv, resulting in 7.6-fold and 6.3-fold reductions compared to 6FF and 6FFF XRT, respectively. Conclusions: This study presents the first one-by-one comparison between PBS-PRT and different XRT modalities for pregnant breast cancer patients with an adapted anthropomorphic phantom. PBS-PRT measurements showed that the total equivalent dose was below the 100 mSv threshold outlined in AAPM Task Group Report No. 36 for a 30-week pregnancy, even under a worst-case scenario, maintaining treatment goals. These findings support the adoption of PBS-PRT as the preferred approach for treating pregnant breast cancer patients, should radiotherapy be required.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405631625000260Cancer during pregnancyOut-of-field dosimetryFetus radiationProton radiationProton therapyRadiation therapy |
| spellingShingle | Menke Weessies Murillo Bellezzo Britt J.P. Hupkens Frank Verhaegen Gloria Vilches-Freixas Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology Cancer during pregnancy Out-of-field dosimetry Fetus radiation Proton radiation Proton therapy Radiation therapy |
| title | Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| title_full | Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| title_fullStr | Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| title_short | Out-of-field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| title_sort | out of field dose assessment for pencil beam scanning proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for breast cancer in pregnant women |
| topic | Cancer during pregnancy Out-of-field dosimetry Fetus radiation Proton radiation Proton therapy Radiation therapy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405631625000260 |
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