Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study

<b>Background</b>: Lead compounds are chemicals of high toxicological concern and are suspected to interact with the thyroid axis. <b>Method</b>: A cohort study was carried out involving 70 workers from a petrochemical company exposed to inorganic lead compounds. All recruite...

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Main Authors: Lidia Caporossi, Simona Di Renzi, Mariangela De Rosa, Silvia Capanna, Elisa Partenzi, Iacopo D’Alessandro, Bruno Papaleo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Hygiene
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/2/13
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author Lidia Caporossi
Simona Di Renzi
Mariangela De Rosa
Silvia Capanna
Elisa Partenzi
Iacopo D’Alessandro
Bruno Papaleo
author_facet Lidia Caporossi
Simona Di Renzi
Mariangela De Rosa
Silvia Capanna
Elisa Partenzi
Iacopo D’Alessandro
Bruno Papaleo
author_sort Lidia Caporossi
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Lead compounds are chemicals of high toxicological concern and are suspected to interact with the thyroid axis. <b>Method</b>: A cohort study was carried out involving 70 workers from a petrochemical company exposed to inorganic lead compounds. All recruited workers were given a clinical anamnestic questionnaire aimed at characterizing their endocrine and thyroid status. A blood test was conducted to dose the amount of lead, thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, TSH), and antibodies (TGAb and TPOAb). Samples were stratified according to working seniority and lead exposure levels. A regression study was conducted to highlight trends in hormones and antibodies versus lead levels. <b>Results</b>: Most of the dosages are within the normal ranges. The regression study showed how higher lead values are correlated with a reduction in TSH and an increase in FT3 and FT4. There is a statistically significant increase in TPOAb in the most exposed workers. <b>Conclusions</b>: The trends of thyroid hormones may suggest a tendency towards hyperthyroidism for higher lead exposure, while the increase in TPOAb could indicate a greater predisposition to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-84937aea48754833a5daa5f7982e950f2025-08-20T02:20:58ZengMDPI AGHygiene2673-947X2025-04-01521310.3390/hygiene5020013Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort StudyLidia Caporossi0Simona Di Renzi1Mariangela De Rosa2Silvia Capanna3Elisa Partenzi4Iacopo D’Alessandro5Bruno Papaleo6Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, ItalyDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, ItalyDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, ItalyDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, ItalyDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, ItalyCentro Sicurezza Lavoro, 00040 Pavona, RM, ItalyDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy<b>Background</b>: Lead compounds are chemicals of high toxicological concern and are suspected to interact with the thyroid axis. <b>Method</b>: A cohort study was carried out involving 70 workers from a petrochemical company exposed to inorganic lead compounds. All recruited workers were given a clinical anamnestic questionnaire aimed at characterizing their endocrine and thyroid status. A blood test was conducted to dose the amount of lead, thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, TSH), and antibodies (TGAb and TPOAb). Samples were stratified according to working seniority and lead exposure levels. A regression study was conducted to highlight trends in hormones and antibodies versus lead levels. <b>Results</b>: Most of the dosages are within the normal ranges. The regression study showed how higher lead values are correlated with a reduction in TSH and an increase in FT3 and FT4. There is a statistically significant increase in TPOAb in the most exposed workers. <b>Conclusions</b>: The trends of thyroid hormones may suggest a tendency towards hyperthyroidism for higher lead exposure, while the increase in TPOAb could indicate a greater predisposition to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/2/13leadthyroidhormonesantibodies
spellingShingle Lidia Caporossi
Simona Di Renzi
Mariangela De Rosa
Silvia Capanna
Elisa Partenzi
Iacopo D’Alessandro
Bruno Papaleo
Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
Hygiene
lead
thyroid
hormones
antibodies
title Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
title_full Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
title_fullStr Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
title_short Exposure to Lead Compounds in an Industrial Setting and the Effects on the Thyroid Gland: A Pilot Cohort Study
title_sort exposure to lead compounds in an industrial setting and the effects on the thyroid gland a pilot cohort study
topic lead
thyroid
hormones
antibodies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/2/13
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