The independent and combined effects of blood heavy metal concentrations on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in adult patients with diabetes mellitus

The independent and combined effects of blood heavy metal concentrations on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in adult patients with diabetes mellitus

BackgroundMost epidemiological studies have focused on the association between single metal exposure and cardiovascular disease risk, utilizing a single-pollutant model for analysis. However, multiple metals may interact with each other, leading to misjudgment of health risks. This study sought to a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lipeng Cai, Jiangrong Yan, Lei Sun, Weichao Dan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
Subjects:
heavy metals in blood
diabetes mellitus
all-cause mortality
cardiovascular mortality
environmental health
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1588078/full
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