Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Virtual surgical planning (VSP) improves accuracy in orthognathic surgery, but its differences from conventional surgical planning (CSP) remain unclear. This study compares VSP and CSP accuracy in maxillary repositioning. Methods A randomized controlled trial of 20 patients under...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00469-6 |
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| author | Loi Phuoc Nguyen Chon Thanh Ho Nguyen Tuan Van Nguyen Hai Tien Do Chanh Trung Le Jun-Young Kim |
| author_facet | Loi Phuoc Nguyen Chon Thanh Ho Nguyen Tuan Van Nguyen Hai Tien Do Chanh Trung Le Jun-Young Kim |
| author_sort | Loi Phuoc Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Virtual surgical planning (VSP) improves accuracy in orthognathic surgery, but its differences from conventional surgical planning (CSP) remain unclear. This study compares VSP and CSP accuracy in maxillary repositioning. Methods A randomized controlled trial of 20 patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery was conducted. Patients were assigned to VSP (3D planning, 3D-printed splints) or CSP (cast model surgery, conventional splints). Pre- and postoperative Computed Tomography (CT) scans were superimposed using voxel-based registration, measuring anteroposterior (Y), mediolateral (X), and vertical (Z) positional changes of A point, ANS, U1, U3, U6 landmarks. Results No significant differences in planned and actual surgical outcomes (p > 0.05). 2D planning (P2D) and 3D planning (P3D) showed significant differences in key maxillary landmarks, indicating that 3D planning provides additional refinements in skeletal positioning. However, VSP showed larger absolute discrepancies in U1L, U1R, U3L, U6L (p < 0.05), particularly in the anteroposterior (Y-axis) direction. Splint thickness and condylar simulation methods could also affect accuracy. Conclusions VSP and CSP provide comparable accuracy; however, VSP shows greater anterior–posterior discrepancies. Further studies should examine splint design and condylar modeling to optimize surgical precision. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-848f57876c63463595f80eecafa63e2f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2288-8586 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-848f57876c63463595f80eecafa63e2f2025-08-20T03:45:19ZengSpringerOpenMaxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery2288-85862025-07-0147111310.1186/s40902-025-00469-6Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trialLoi Phuoc Nguyen0Chon Thanh Ho Nguyen1Tuan Van Nguyen2Hai Tien Do3Chanh Trung Le4Jun-Young Kim5Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityNational Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology in Ho Chi Minh CityNational Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology in Ho Chi Minh CityNational Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology in Ho Chi Minh CityDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of DentistryAbstract Background Virtual surgical planning (VSP) improves accuracy in orthognathic surgery, but its differences from conventional surgical planning (CSP) remain unclear. This study compares VSP and CSP accuracy in maxillary repositioning. Methods A randomized controlled trial of 20 patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery was conducted. Patients were assigned to VSP (3D planning, 3D-printed splints) or CSP (cast model surgery, conventional splints). Pre- and postoperative Computed Tomography (CT) scans were superimposed using voxel-based registration, measuring anteroposterior (Y), mediolateral (X), and vertical (Z) positional changes of A point, ANS, U1, U3, U6 landmarks. Results No significant differences in planned and actual surgical outcomes (p > 0.05). 2D planning (P2D) and 3D planning (P3D) showed significant differences in key maxillary landmarks, indicating that 3D planning provides additional refinements in skeletal positioning. However, VSP showed larger absolute discrepancies in U1L, U1R, U3L, U6L (p < 0.05), particularly in the anteroposterior (Y-axis) direction. Splint thickness and condylar simulation methods could also affect accuracy. Conclusions VSP and CSP provide comparable accuracy; however, VSP shows greater anterior–posterior discrepancies. Further studies should examine splint design and condylar modeling to optimize surgical precision.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00469-6Virtual surgical planningOrthognathic surgeryMaxillary accuracy3D planningRandomized controlled trial |
| spellingShingle | Loi Phuoc Nguyen Chon Thanh Ho Nguyen Tuan Van Nguyen Hai Tien Do Chanh Trung Le Jun-Young Kim Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Virtual surgical planning Orthognathic surgery Maxillary accuracy 3D planning Randomized controlled trial |
| title | Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | comparison of accuracy of maxilla between virtual surgical planning and conventional surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Virtual surgical planning Orthognathic surgery Maxillary accuracy 3D planning Randomized controlled trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00469-6 |
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