Update on Babesiosis

Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genus Babesia with many clinical features similar to those of malaria. Over the last 50 years, the epidemiology of human babesiosis has changed from a few isolated cases to the establis...

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Main Authors: Edouard Vannier, Peter J. Krause
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2009-01-01
Series:Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/984568
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author Edouard Vannier
Peter J. Krause
author_facet Edouard Vannier
Peter J. Krause
author_sort Edouard Vannier
collection DOAJ
description Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genus Babesia with many clinical features similar to those of malaria. Over the last 50 years, the epidemiology of human babesiosis has changed from a few isolated cases to the establishment of endemic areas in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Episodic cases are reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The severity of infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to fulminant disease resulting in death, although the majority of healthy adults experience a mild-to-moderate illness. People over the age of 50 years and immunocompromised individuals are at the highest risk of severe disease, including those with malignancy, HIV, lacking a spleen, or receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Asymptomatic carriers present a blood safety risk when they donate blood. Definitive diagnosis of babesial infection generally is made by microscopic identification of the organism on thin blood smear, amplification of Babesia DNA using PCR, and detection of Babesia antibody in acute and convalescent sera. Specific antimicrobial therapy consists of atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine. Exchange transfusion is used in severe cases. The use of multiple prevention strategies is recommended and consists of personal, residential, and community approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-848d607bce7f48dd87989f3e3b433f732025-02-03T01:29:58ZengWileyInterdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases1687-708X1687-70982009-01-01200910.1155/2009/984568984568Update on BabesiosisEdouard Vannier0Peter J. Krause1Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 041, Boston, MA 02111, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, 60 College Street, Room 600, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, USAHuman babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genus Babesia with many clinical features similar to those of malaria. Over the last 50 years, the epidemiology of human babesiosis has changed from a few isolated cases to the establishment of endemic areas in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Episodic cases are reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The severity of infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to fulminant disease resulting in death, although the majority of healthy adults experience a mild-to-moderate illness. People over the age of 50 years and immunocompromised individuals are at the highest risk of severe disease, including those with malignancy, HIV, lacking a spleen, or receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Asymptomatic carriers present a blood safety risk when they donate blood. Definitive diagnosis of babesial infection generally is made by microscopic identification of the organism on thin blood smear, amplification of Babesia DNA using PCR, and detection of Babesia antibody in acute and convalescent sera. Specific antimicrobial therapy consists of atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine. Exchange transfusion is used in severe cases. The use of multiple prevention strategies is recommended and consists of personal, residential, and community approaches.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/984568
spellingShingle Edouard Vannier
Peter J. Krause
Update on Babesiosis
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
title Update on Babesiosis
title_full Update on Babesiosis
title_fullStr Update on Babesiosis
title_full_unstemmed Update on Babesiosis
title_short Update on Babesiosis
title_sort update on babesiosis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/984568
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