Effects of ammonia exposure on the expression of IL-1β, CRH, and lep-a1 genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Abstract Background Common carp is one of the most economically important freshwater fish species globally. Ammonia exposure, a frequent challenge in aquaculture, can lead to significant economic losses. This study investigated the impact of un-ionized ammonia (UIA) exposure on the expression profil...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04749-1 |
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