A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns

Tracing human and animal mobility behavior, land use, and exploitation strategies through strontium (Sr) isotope analysis is critical for archaeological and palaeoecological research. The development of an 87Sr/86Sr bioavailable baseline map, often termed isoscape, is a prerequisite for interpreting...

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Main Authors: Seminew Asrat, Francesco Lucchini, Mary Anne Tafuri, Caterina Aureli, Marina Gallinaro, Andrea Zerboni, Marianna Fusco, Enza E. Spinapolice
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2025.1499291/full
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author Seminew Asrat
Seminew Asrat
Francesco Lucchini
Mary Anne Tafuri
Caterina Aureli
Marina Gallinaro
Andrea Zerboni
Marianna Fusco
Enza E. Spinapolice
author_facet Seminew Asrat
Seminew Asrat
Francesco Lucchini
Mary Anne Tafuri
Caterina Aureli
Marina Gallinaro
Andrea Zerboni
Marianna Fusco
Enza E. Spinapolice
author_sort Seminew Asrat
collection DOAJ
description Tracing human and animal mobility behavior, land use, and exploitation strategies through strontium (Sr) isotope analysis is critical for archaeological and palaeoecological research. The development of an 87Sr/86Sr bioavailable baseline map, often termed isoscape, is a prerequisite for interpreting the Sr isotope composition of animal and human remains from an archaeological context. Despite the wealth of archaeological records dispersed across southern Ethiopia, we know little about bioavilable 87Sr/86Sr, which calls for a Sr isoscape to address key archaeological questions. Here, we present the first 87Sr/86Sr isoscape of southern Ethiopia produced using a geostatistical Ordinary Kriging approach through the analysis of water, plants, and soil leachate, combined with previously published datasets. We used the Middle Stone Age (MSA) site of Gotera as a case study and conducted 87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis of faunal tooth enamel. The results show that our novel baseline isoscape displayed heterogeneous 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in both the measured and predicted values (ranging from 0.703 to 0.712), consistent with geological units, with an accurate model performance evaluated through Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) technique. The faunal tooth enamel analysis reveals that the Gotera fauna are of predominantly local origin, suggesting limited mobility and reliance on the exploitation of local resources across the Gotera area. This study on bioavailable isoscape and faunal 87Sr/86Sr isotopes highlights the potential of Sr isotope analysis to reconstruct past mobility patterns, spatial ecologies, and resource utilization strategies in Ethiopia.
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spelling doaj-art-8486e72901364eaba375ed39b24f8f4f2025-08-20T03:13:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology2813-432X2025-04-01410.3389/fearc.2025.14992911499291A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patternsSeminew Asrat0Seminew Asrat1Francesco Lucchini2Mary Anne Tafuri3Caterina Aureli4Marina Gallinaro5Andrea Zerboni6Marianna Fusco7Enza E. Spinapolice8Department of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Heritage Research, Ethiopian Heritage Authority, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra “Ardito Desio, ” Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyTracing human and animal mobility behavior, land use, and exploitation strategies through strontium (Sr) isotope analysis is critical for archaeological and palaeoecological research. The development of an 87Sr/86Sr bioavailable baseline map, often termed isoscape, is a prerequisite for interpreting the Sr isotope composition of animal and human remains from an archaeological context. Despite the wealth of archaeological records dispersed across southern Ethiopia, we know little about bioavilable 87Sr/86Sr, which calls for a Sr isoscape to address key archaeological questions. Here, we present the first 87Sr/86Sr isoscape of southern Ethiopia produced using a geostatistical Ordinary Kriging approach through the analysis of water, plants, and soil leachate, combined with previously published datasets. We used the Middle Stone Age (MSA) site of Gotera as a case study and conducted 87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis of faunal tooth enamel. The results show that our novel baseline isoscape displayed heterogeneous 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in both the measured and predicted values (ranging from 0.703 to 0.712), consistent with geological units, with an accurate model performance evaluated through Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) technique. The faunal tooth enamel analysis reveals that the Gotera fauna are of predominantly local origin, suggesting limited mobility and reliance on the exploitation of local resources across the Gotera area. This study on bioavailable isoscape and faunal 87Sr/86Sr isotopes highlights the potential of Sr isotope analysis to reconstruct past mobility patterns, spatial ecologies, and resource utilization strategies in Ethiopia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2025.1499291/fullstrontium isotopesbioavailable isoscapefaunal mobilityhominin land useMSASouthern Ethiopia
spellingShingle Seminew Asrat
Seminew Asrat
Francesco Lucchini
Mary Anne Tafuri
Caterina Aureli
Marina Gallinaro
Andrea Zerboni
Marianna Fusco
Enza E. Spinapolice
A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology
strontium isotopes
bioavailable isoscape
faunal mobility
hominin land use
MSA
Southern Ethiopia
title A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
title_full A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
title_fullStr A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
title_full_unstemmed A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
title_short A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape of Southern Ethiopia: implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
title_sort strontium 87sr 86sr isoscape of southern ethiopia implications for hominin land use and faunal mobility patterns
topic strontium isotopes
bioavailable isoscape
faunal mobility
hominin land use
MSA
Southern Ethiopia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2025.1499291/full
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