Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review

During the past 3 decades, radiation exposure (RE) has increased drastically among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), thus potentially causing new cases of cancer each year. The effective dose received by patients comes from pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bohdan Baralo, Patrick Samson, David Hoenig, Arthur Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-01-01
Series:Asian Journal of Urology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388219300396
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850196531278249984
author Bohdan Baralo
Patrick Samson
David Hoenig
Arthur Smith
author_facet Bohdan Baralo
Patrick Samson
David Hoenig
Arthur Smith
author_sort Bohdan Baralo
collection DOAJ
description During the past 3 decades, radiation exposure (RE) has increased drastically among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), thus potentially causing new cases of cancer each year. The effective dose received by patients comes from pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative fluoroscopy (FL). We reviewed literature to find novel techniques and approaches that help to decrease RE of patients and personnel. We performed PubMed search using keywords percutaneous nephrolithotomy, intraoperative fluoroscopy, radiation exposure, imaging, percutaneous access, ultrasound, computed tomography, endoscopy, reconstruction, innovations, and augmented reality. Forty-four relevant articles were included in this review. As much as 20% of patients with first diagnosed urolithiasis exceed background RE level almost 17-fold. For diagnosing purposes using low-dose and ultra-low-dose CT, as well as low-dose dual energy scan protocols can be efficient ways to decrease RE while maintaining decent accuracy. Patients with urinary stones can be effectively monitored with digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound alone or ultrasound combined with plain film of the abdomen. Percutaneous access (PCA) into the kidney can be performed with reduced or even no RE, using novel PCA methods. REs from conventional imaging techniques during diagnosis and treatment increase probability of non-stochastic radiation effects. Urologists should be aware of protocols that decrease RE from CT and FL in diagnosis and management of urinary stones. Consideration of recently developed imaging modalities and PCA techniques will also aid in adherence to the “as low as reasonably achievable” principle. Keywords: PCNL, Urolithiasis, Reduction of radiation exposure, Percutaneous kidney access, Diagnostic imaging, Training
format Article
id doaj-art-84846e6a98b04354b8af080cf978f5d3
institution OA Journals
issn 2214-3882
language English
publishDate 2020-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Asian Journal of Urology
spelling doaj-art-84846e6a98b04354b8af080cf978f5d32025-08-20T02:13:26ZengElsevierAsian Journal of Urology2214-38822020-01-0171101710.1016/j.ajur.2019.03.007Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A reviewBohdan Baralo0Patrick Samson1David Hoenig2Arthur Smith3Urology Department, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, UkraineDepartment of Urology, Smith Institute for Urology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Urology, Smith Institute for Urology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USADepartment of Urology, Smith Institute for Urology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USADuring the past 3 decades, radiation exposure (RE) has increased drastically among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), thus potentially causing new cases of cancer each year. The effective dose received by patients comes from pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative fluoroscopy (FL). We reviewed literature to find novel techniques and approaches that help to decrease RE of patients and personnel. We performed PubMed search using keywords percutaneous nephrolithotomy, intraoperative fluoroscopy, radiation exposure, imaging, percutaneous access, ultrasound, computed tomography, endoscopy, reconstruction, innovations, and augmented reality. Forty-four relevant articles were included in this review. As much as 20% of patients with first diagnosed urolithiasis exceed background RE level almost 17-fold. For diagnosing purposes using low-dose and ultra-low-dose CT, as well as low-dose dual energy scan protocols can be efficient ways to decrease RE while maintaining decent accuracy. Patients with urinary stones can be effectively monitored with digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound alone or ultrasound combined with plain film of the abdomen. Percutaneous access (PCA) into the kidney can be performed with reduced or even no RE, using novel PCA methods. REs from conventional imaging techniques during diagnosis and treatment increase probability of non-stochastic radiation effects. Urologists should be aware of protocols that decrease RE from CT and FL in diagnosis and management of urinary stones. Consideration of recently developed imaging modalities and PCA techniques will also aid in adherence to the “as low as reasonably achievable” principle. Keywords: PCNL, Urolithiasis, Reduction of radiation exposure, Percutaneous kidney access, Diagnostic imaging, Traininghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388219300396
spellingShingle Bohdan Baralo
Patrick Samson
David Hoenig
Arthur Smith
Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
Asian Journal of Urology
title Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
title_full Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
title_fullStr Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
title_full_unstemmed Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
title_short Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review
title_sort percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure a review
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388219300396
work_keys_str_mv AT bohdanbaralo percutaneouskidneystonesurgeryandradiationexposureareview
AT patricksamson percutaneouskidneystonesurgeryandradiationexposureareview
AT davidhoenig percutaneouskidneystonesurgeryandradiationexposureareview
AT arthursmith percutaneouskidneystonesurgeryandradiationexposureareview