Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human outbreaks with a high case fatality ratio. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on NiV infections occurring in healthcare workers (HCWs) was collected and critically appraised. According to the PRIS...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Matteo Riccò Antonio Cascio Claudio Costantino Silvia Corrado Ilaria Zanella Pasquale Gianluca Giuri Susanna Esposito |
| author_facet | Matteo Riccò Antonio Cascio Claudio Costantino Silvia Corrado Ilaria Zanella Pasquale Gianluca Giuri Susanna Esposito |
| author_sort | Matteo Riccò |
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| description | Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human outbreaks with a high case fatality ratio. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on NiV infections occurring in healthcare workers (HCWs) was collected and critically appraised. According to the PRISMA statement, four medical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus) and the preprint repository medRixv were inquired through a specifically designed searching strategy. A total of 2593 entries were identified; of them, 16 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis detailing the outcome of NiV infection on HCWs and estimates of seroprevalence among healthcare professions. All studies reported data from Asian countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India (States of Kerala and Bengal), and Philippines. Seroprevalence was estimated from seven studies in 0.00% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.10) for IgM-class antibodies and 0.08% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.72) for IgG class-antibodies, but four of the sampled studies did not report any seropositive cases. A case fatality ratio of 73.52% (95%CI 34.01 to 99.74) was calculated from 10 studies. In conclusion, the present study shows that NiV may result in a possible occupational infection among HCWs involved in managing incident cases. As most NiV outbreaks occur in limited resources settings, it is reasonable that even basic preventive measures (i.e., mandatory use of PPE and appropriate isolation of incident cases with physical distancing) may be quite effective in avoiding the occurrence of new infections among HCWs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8482b63016144c8cba58384246f5380b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-8482b63016144c8cba58384246f5380b2025-01-24T13:52:31ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-011718110.3390/v17010081Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-AnalysisMatteo Riccò0Antonio Cascio1Claudio Costantino2Silvia Corrado3Ilaria Zanella4Pasquale Gianluca Giuri5Susanna Esposito6AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della Donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Milan, ItalyAUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Diagnostics, AUSL di Parma, 43100 Parma, ItalyPediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyNipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human outbreaks with a high case fatality ratio. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on NiV infections occurring in healthcare workers (HCWs) was collected and critically appraised. According to the PRISMA statement, four medical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus) and the preprint repository medRixv were inquired through a specifically designed searching strategy. A total of 2593 entries were identified; of them, 16 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis detailing the outcome of NiV infection on HCWs and estimates of seroprevalence among healthcare professions. All studies reported data from Asian countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India (States of Kerala and Bengal), and Philippines. Seroprevalence was estimated from seven studies in 0.00% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.10) for IgM-class antibodies and 0.08% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.72) for IgG class-antibodies, but four of the sampled studies did not report any seropositive cases. A case fatality ratio of 73.52% (95%CI 34.01 to 99.74) was calculated from 10 studies. In conclusion, the present study shows that NiV may result in a possible occupational infection among HCWs involved in managing incident cases. As most NiV outbreaks occur in limited resources settings, it is reasonable that even basic preventive measures (i.e., mandatory use of PPE and appropriate isolation of incident cases with physical distancing) may be quite effective in avoiding the occurrence of new infections among HCWs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/81Nipah virus (NiV)batscontroldiagnosisencephalitisepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Matteo Riccò Antonio Cascio Claudio Costantino Silvia Corrado Ilaria Zanella Pasquale Gianluca Giuri Susanna Esposito Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Viruses Nipah virus (NiV) bats control diagnosis encephalitis epidemiology |
| title | Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | risk of nipah virus seroprevalence in healthcare workers a systematic review with meta analysis |
| topic | Nipah virus (NiV) bats control diagnosis encephalitis epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/81 |
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