Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ

Abstract All human herpesviruses establish latency following the resolution of the primary infection. Among these, α-herpesviruses HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV establish latency in neurons, whereas neurons are not traditionally considered a site of latency for other herpesviruses. Using a combination of in...

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Main Authors: Fran Krstanović, Andrea Mihalić, Ahmad Seyar Rashidi, Katarzyna M. Sitnik, Zsolt Ruzsics, Luka Čičin-Šain, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Stipan Jonjić, Ilija Brizić
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Neuroinflammation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03422-6
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author Fran Krstanović
Andrea Mihalić
Ahmad Seyar Rashidi
Katarzyna M. Sitnik
Zsolt Ruzsics
Luka Čičin-Šain
Georges M. G. M. Verjans
Stipan Jonjić
Ilija Brizić
author_facet Fran Krstanović
Andrea Mihalić
Ahmad Seyar Rashidi
Katarzyna M. Sitnik
Zsolt Ruzsics
Luka Čičin-Šain
Georges M. G. M. Verjans
Stipan Jonjić
Ilija Brizić
author_sort Fran Krstanović
collection DOAJ
description Abstract All human herpesviruses establish latency following the resolution of the primary infection. Among these, α-herpesviruses HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV establish latency in neurons, whereas neurons are not traditionally considered a site of latency for other herpesviruses. Using a combination of in vivo murine models and ex vivo human fetal tissues, we discovered that cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus, can persist in neurons and that CD4+ T-cell-derived interferon-gamma is critical in restricting active viral replication in this cell type. Furthermore, we show that mouse CMV can establish latency in neurons and that CD4+ T-cells are essential in preventing viral reactivation. Our findings may have translational significance because human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infections resulting in neurodevelopmental and neuroinflammatory lesions with long-term functional sequelae.
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id doaj-art-847f8e5b41fe4248b3d2ed1c7d612963
institution DOAJ
issn 1742-2094
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
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series Journal of Neuroinflammation
spelling doaj-art-847f8e5b41fe4248b3d2ed1c7d6129632025-08-20T02:49:25ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942025-03-0122111610.1186/s12974-025-03422-6Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γFran Krstanović0Andrea Mihalić1Ahmad Seyar Rashidi2Katarzyna M. Sitnik3Zsolt Ruzsics4Luka Čičin-Šain5Georges M. G. M. Verjans6Stipan Jonjić7Ilija Brizić8Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaCenter for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaHerpeslabNL of the Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterDepartment of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgDepartment of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchHerpeslabNL of the Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaCenter for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaAbstract All human herpesviruses establish latency following the resolution of the primary infection. Among these, α-herpesviruses HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV establish latency in neurons, whereas neurons are not traditionally considered a site of latency for other herpesviruses. Using a combination of in vivo murine models and ex vivo human fetal tissues, we discovered that cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus, can persist in neurons and that CD4+ T-cell-derived interferon-gamma is critical in restricting active viral replication in this cell type. Furthermore, we show that mouse CMV can establish latency in neurons and that CD4+ T-cells are essential in preventing viral reactivation. Our findings may have translational significance because human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infections resulting in neurodevelopmental and neuroinflammatory lesions with long-term functional sequelae.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03422-6CytomegalovirusCongenital CMVViral latencyNeuronsCD4+ T-cellsHippocampus
spellingShingle Fran Krstanović
Andrea Mihalić
Ahmad Seyar Rashidi
Katarzyna M. Sitnik
Zsolt Ruzsics
Luka Čičin-Šain
Georges M. G. M. Verjans
Stipan Jonjić
Ilija Brizić
Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Cytomegalovirus
Congenital CMV
Viral latency
Neurons
CD4+ T-cells
Hippocampus
title Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
title_full Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
title_fullStr Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
title_full_unstemmed Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
title_short Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-γ
title_sort neuron restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by cd4 t cells and ifn γ
topic Cytomegalovirus
Congenital CMV
Viral latency
Neurons
CD4+ T-cells
Hippocampus
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03422-6
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