Follow up rates and patient interest in clinical care after mild traumatic brain injury presenting to a level 1 trauma center: a TRACK-TBI prospective cohort study

Study objectiveTo evaluate the rates of clinical follow-up and patient interest in clinical follow-up within the first year of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between 13 and 15.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study which enrolle...

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Main Authors: Shawn R. Eagle, Jason Barber, Nancy Temkin, Michael A. McCrea, Joseph T. Giacino, David O. Okonkwo, Debbie Madhok, John K. Yue, Jennifer M. Zerbato, Geoffrey T. Manley, Lindsay D. Nelson, The TRACK-TBI Investigators, C. Dirk Keene, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Christine Mac Donald, Randall Merchant, Pratik Mukherjee, Laura B. Ngwenya, Ava Puccio, Claudia Robertson, Richard B Rodgers, Sabrina R. Taylor, Ross Zafonte
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1558204/full
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Summary:Study objectiveTo evaluate the rates of clinical follow-up and patient interest in clinical follow-up within the first year of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between 13 and 15.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study which enrolled patients with TBI first evaluated at a 1 of 23 level 1 trauma centers (n = 1,916). At 2 weeks and 3 months, the participants were asked “have you seen any healthcare provider for your TBI?” and “if so, did it help?.” Participants also completed the Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ), Quality of Life after Brain Injury- Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended for TBI (GOSE-TBI) at 2 weeks, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. Persistent symptoms were defined as 3+ symptoms worse than pre-injury levels. QOLIBRI-OS≤51 was defined as lower quality of life. GOSE<8 was defined as incomplete recovery.ResultsBy 2 weeks, 43% of participants had followed up with a clinical provider; cumulative follow-up within the first year was 63%. Overall, 61% of participants interested in clinical follow-up care reported receiving clinical follow-up care. Participants who received follow-up care reported that it helped at an 86% rate. Of those not interested in follow-up care, 42% reported receiving clinical follow-up care and 86% of those receiving care reported that it helped. Approximately 44% of participants who reported “I did not think I need follow-up” at 2 weeks had incomplete recovery (GOSE<8), 40% had persistent symptoms, and 19% had lower quality of life at 12-months post-injury.ConclusionParticipants not interested in follow-up care had high rates of poor functional recovery, persistent symptoms and lower quality-of-life at 12 months following traumatic brain injury with GCS 13–15. Education and provider emphasis on the importance of clinical follow-up after hospital discharge with TBI need to be enhanced. Prioritizing timely clinical follow-up for adult patients with TBI with GCS 13 to 15 is critical for improving rates of long-term recovery in this population.
ISSN:1664-2295