Accurate detection of critical LLFs and LGFs in PV arrays based on deep reinforcement learning using proximal policy optimization (PPO)
Critical line-to-line faults (LLFs) and line-to-ground faults (LGFs) in photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most difficult faults to detect not only by conventional protection devices, but also modern fault detection schemes. The difficulty occurs due to critical mismatch levels and/or high fault impe...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002121 |
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