Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveParticipation in sports is known to promote social inclusion and mental health. However, barriers that limit the participation of people with disabilities in sports potentially exclude them from enjoying the social and mental health benefits. This study aimed to assess the level of social i...

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Main Authors: Sobhi Saeed Al Harthy, Mohammad Ahmed Hammad, Huda Shaaban Awed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1504352/full
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author Sobhi Saeed Al Harthy
Mohammad Ahmed Hammad
Huda Shaaban Awed
author_facet Sobhi Saeed Al Harthy
Mohammad Ahmed Hammad
Huda Shaaban Awed
author_sort Sobhi Saeed Al Harthy
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveParticipation in sports is known to promote social inclusion and mental health. However, barriers that limit the participation of people with disabilities in sports potentially exclude them from enjoying the social and mental health benefits. This study aimed to assess the level of social inclusion experienced by people with disabilities participating in sports clubs in Saudi Arabia, and to examine its relationship to specific mental health outcomes, namely, overall mental health, depression, and anxiety.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, people with disabilities were recruited from sports clubs in southern Saudi Arabia. Club presidents were contacted via email or social media messaging services to access their member lists and identify potential participants. The sample comprised 205 participants who met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent (age 18–40 years, mean = 29.8 years, standard deviation = 3.82 years). Participants received an email with a link to a Google Form containing information about the study and the questionnaire, which included the Social Inclusion Questionnaire for People with Disabilities, Mental Health Continuum - Short Form, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the study instruments. In addition to descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (t-tests or one-way analysis of variance, as appropriate) were conducted to assess group differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the association between social inclusion and mental health outcomes (controlling for age, gender, and type of disability in regression analysis).ResultsSlightly over half of the participants (53.65%) reported moderate to high social inclusion scores, while 46.34% had low inclusion scores. Social inclusion was positively correlated with overall mental health it was identified a significant predictor of mental health in the present sample.ConclusionPresent findings suggest that, among people with disabilities who are engaged in sports clubs, social inclusion was associated with better overall mental health and lower incidence of anxiety and depression. These results suggest the potential for sports clubs to become facilities that prevent the exclusion of people with disabilities and to support their physical, mental, and social well-being.
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spelling doaj-art-845a68e50eb4402cbfcad197418ddcfd2025-08-20T03:02:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-03-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15043521504352Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional surveySobhi Saeed Al Harthy0Mohammad Ahmed Hammad1Huda Shaaban Awed2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaFaculty and Leadership Development Center, Assiut University, Asyut, EgyptDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Asyut, EgyptObjectiveParticipation in sports is known to promote social inclusion and mental health. However, barriers that limit the participation of people with disabilities in sports potentially exclude them from enjoying the social and mental health benefits. This study aimed to assess the level of social inclusion experienced by people with disabilities participating in sports clubs in Saudi Arabia, and to examine its relationship to specific mental health outcomes, namely, overall mental health, depression, and anxiety.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, people with disabilities were recruited from sports clubs in southern Saudi Arabia. Club presidents were contacted via email or social media messaging services to access their member lists and identify potential participants. The sample comprised 205 participants who met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent (age 18–40 years, mean = 29.8 years, standard deviation = 3.82 years). Participants received an email with a link to a Google Form containing information about the study and the questionnaire, which included the Social Inclusion Questionnaire for People with Disabilities, Mental Health Continuum - Short Form, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the study instruments. In addition to descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (t-tests or one-way analysis of variance, as appropriate) were conducted to assess group differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the association between social inclusion and mental health outcomes (controlling for age, gender, and type of disability in regression analysis).ResultsSlightly over half of the participants (53.65%) reported moderate to high social inclusion scores, while 46.34% had low inclusion scores. Social inclusion was positively correlated with overall mental health it was identified a significant predictor of mental health in the present sample.ConclusionPresent findings suggest that, among people with disabilities who are engaged in sports clubs, social inclusion was associated with better overall mental health and lower incidence of anxiety and depression. These results suggest the potential for sports clubs to become facilities that prevent the exclusion of people with disabilities and to support their physical, mental, and social well-being.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1504352/fullsocial inclusionsportsmental healthpeople with disabilitiesa cross-sectional survey
spellingShingle Sobhi Saeed Al Harthy
Mohammad Ahmed Hammad
Huda Shaaban Awed
Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
Frontiers in Psychology
social inclusion
sports
mental health
people with disabilities
a cross-sectional survey
title Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
title_full Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
title_fullStr Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
title_full_unstemmed Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
title_short Association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs: a cross-sectional survey
title_sort association between social inclusion and mental health among people with disabilities engaged in sports clubs a cross sectional survey
topic social inclusion
sports
mental health
people with disabilities
a cross-sectional survey
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1504352/full
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