Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary

As the scale of DC grids expands, the converter will be connected with multiple outgoing lines. In this context, locating current-limiting reactors at the outlet of the converter can effectively balance the contradiction between current-limiting requirements and construction costs. However, the abse...

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Main Authors: Zhihui Dai, Xu Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002741
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author Zhihui Dai
Xu Shi
author_facet Zhihui Dai
Xu Shi
author_sort Zhihui Dai
collection DOAJ
description As the scale of DC grids expands, the converter will be connected with multiple outgoing lines. In this context, locating current-limiting reactors at the outlet of the converter can effectively balance the contradiction between current-limiting requirements and construction costs. However, the absence of a clear line boundary poses challenges for DC line protection. In response, a setting-less line pilot protection is proposed for the mesh DC grid without boundary. First, through the analysis of measured impedance characteristics, it is found that for internal faults, the high-frequency voltage and high-frequency current on both ends of the line are negatively correlated. Whereas for external faults, there is at least one end of the line where the high-frequency voltage and high-frequency current are positively correlated. Then, a suitable high-pass filter is designed, and the cosine similarity is utilized to evaluate whether the filtered voltage and current waveforms display a similar trend of change, further providing a comprehensive protection scheme. Finally, numerous simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits strong endurance to fault resistance and noise environment. The proposed method remains applicable even when system parameters change and does not require complex setting.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0142-0615
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
spelling doaj-art-844c47320b394ffe8073c43dd37101ae2025-08-20T03:49:41ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-07-0116811072310.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110723Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundaryZhihui Dai0Xu Shi1Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid of Hebei Province, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, ChinaCorresponding author.; Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid of Hebei Province, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, ChinaAs the scale of DC grids expands, the converter will be connected with multiple outgoing lines. In this context, locating current-limiting reactors at the outlet of the converter can effectively balance the contradiction between current-limiting requirements and construction costs. However, the absence of a clear line boundary poses challenges for DC line protection. In response, a setting-less line pilot protection is proposed for the mesh DC grid without boundary. First, through the analysis of measured impedance characteristics, it is found that for internal faults, the high-frequency voltage and high-frequency current on both ends of the line are negatively correlated. Whereas for external faults, there is at least one end of the line where the high-frequency voltage and high-frequency current are positively correlated. Then, a suitable high-pass filter is designed, and the cosine similarity is utilized to evaluate whether the filtered voltage and current waveforms display a similar trend of change, further providing a comprehensive protection scheme. Finally, numerous simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits strong endurance to fault resistance and noise environment. The proposed method remains applicable even when system parameters change and does not require complex setting.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002741Mesh DC grids without boundaryPilot protectionFault characteristic analysisCorrelation discrimination
spellingShingle Zhihui Dai
Xu Shi
Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Mesh DC grids without boundary
Pilot protection
Fault characteristic analysis
Correlation discrimination
title Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
title_full Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
title_fullStr Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
title_full_unstemmed Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
title_short Pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for DC lines in mesh DC grid without boundary
title_sort pilot protection based on voltage and current correlation for dc lines in mesh dc grid without boundary
topic Mesh DC grids without boundary
Pilot protection
Fault characteristic analysis
Correlation discrimination
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002741
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