Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands

Abstract Climate change is intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering ecosystem function, including water flux to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration (ET). ET is made up of evaporation (E) via non‐stomatal surfaces, and transpiration (T) through plant stomata which are impacted by global c...

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Main Authors: Victoria Shveytser, Paul C. Stoy, Brian Butterworth, Susanne Wiesner, Todd H. Skaggs, Bailey Murphy, Thomas Wutzler, Tarek S. El‐Madany, Ankur R. Desai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033757
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author Victoria Shveytser
Paul C. Stoy
Brian Butterworth
Susanne Wiesner
Todd H. Skaggs
Bailey Murphy
Thomas Wutzler
Tarek S. El‐Madany
Ankur R. Desai
author_facet Victoria Shveytser
Paul C. Stoy
Brian Butterworth
Susanne Wiesner
Todd H. Skaggs
Bailey Murphy
Thomas Wutzler
Tarek S. El‐Madany
Ankur R. Desai
author_sort Victoria Shveytser
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate change is intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering ecosystem function, including water flux to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration (ET). ET is made up of evaporation (E) via non‐stomatal surfaces, and transpiration (T) through plant stomata which are impacted by global changes in different ways. E and T are difficult to measure independently at the ecosystem scale, especially across multiple sites that represent different land use and land management strategies. To address this gap in understanding, we applied flux variance similarity (FVS) to quantify how E and T differ across 13 different ecosystems measured using eddy covariance in a 10 × 10 km area from the CHEESEHEAD19 experiment in northern Wisconsin, USA. The study sites included eight forests with a large deciduous broadleaf component, three evergreen needleleaf forests, and two wetlands. Average T/ET for the study period averaged nearly 52% in forested sites and 45% in wetlands, with larger values after excluding periods following rain events when evaporation from canopy interception may be expected. A dominance analysis revealed that environmental variables explained on average 69% of the variance of half‐hourly T, which decreased from summer to autumn. Deciduous and evergreen forests showed similar E trajectories over time despite differences in vegetation phenology, and vapor pressure deficit explained some 13% of the variance E in wetlands but only 5% or less in forests. Retrieval of E and T within a dense network of flux towers lends confidence that FVS is a promising approach for comparing ecosystem hydrology across multiple sites to improve our process‐based understanding of ecosystem water fluxes.
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spelling doaj-art-8446efbc95694dc188219bf7c4cd63ea2025-08-20T03:22:12ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-01-01601n/an/a10.1029/2022WR033757Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and WetlandsVictoria Shveytser0Paul C. Stoy1Brian Butterworth2Susanne Wiesner3Todd H. Skaggs4Bailey Murphy5Thomas Wutzler6Tarek S. El‐Madany7Ankur R. Desai8United States Forest Service Colville WA USADepartment of Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USACooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USADepartment of Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USAU.S. Salinity Laboratory USDA‐ARS Riverside CA USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USAMax‐Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena GermanyMax‐Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USAAbstract Climate change is intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering ecosystem function, including water flux to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration (ET). ET is made up of evaporation (E) via non‐stomatal surfaces, and transpiration (T) through plant stomata which are impacted by global changes in different ways. E and T are difficult to measure independently at the ecosystem scale, especially across multiple sites that represent different land use and land management strategies. To address this gap in understanding, we applied flux variance similarity (FVS) to quantify how E and T differ across 13 different ecosystems measured using eddy covariance in a 10 × 10 km area from the CHEESEHEAD19 experiment in northern Wisconsin, USA. The study sites included eight forests with a large deciduous broadleaf component, three evergreen needleleaf forests, and two wetlands. Average T/ET for the study period averaged nearly 52% in forested sites and 45% in wetlands, with larger values after excluding periods following rain events when evaporation from canopy interception may be expected. A dominance analysis revealed that environmental variables explained on average 69% of the variance of half‐hourly T, which decreased from summer to autumn. Deciduous and evergreen forests showed similar E trajectories over time despite differences in vegetation phenology, and vapor pressure deficit explained some 13% of the variance E in wetlands but only 5% or less in forests. Retrieval of E and T within a dense network of flux towers lends confidence that FVS is a promising approach for comparing ecosystem hydrology across multiple sites to improve our process‐based understanding of ecosystem water fluxes.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033757forestevaporationevapotranspirationtranspirationsoilwetland
spellingShingle Victoria Shveytser
Paul C. Stoy
Brian Butterworth
Susanne Wiesner
Todd H. Skaggs
Bailey Murphy
Thomas Wutzler
Tarek S. El‐Madany
Ankur R. Desai
Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
Water Resources Research
forest
evaporation
evapotranspiration
transpiration
soil
wetland
title Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
title_full Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
title_fullStr Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
title_full_unstemmed Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
title_short Evaporation and Transpiration From Multiple Proximal Forests and Wetlands
title_sort evaporation and transpiration from multiple proximal forests and wetlands
topic forest
evaporation
evapotranspiration
transpiration
soil
wetland
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033757
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