<i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola
<i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i> (<i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidis</i>) remains the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea. Although Angola introduced Rotarix<sup>®</sup>, the human monovalent <i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidi...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Dikudila G. Vita Cristina Santiso-Bellón Manuel Lemos Zoraima Neto Elsa Fortes-Gabriel Miguel Brito Cruz S. Sebastião Jesus Rodriguez-Diaz Celso Cunha Claudia Istrate |
| author_facet | Dikudila G. Vita Cristina Santiso-Bellón Manuel Lemos Zoraima Neto Elsa Fortes-Gabriel Miguel Brito Cruz S. Sebastião Jesus Rodriguez-Diaz Celso Cunha Claudia Istrate |
| author_sort | Dikudila G. Vita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i> (<i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidis</i>) remains the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea. Although Angola introduced Rotarix<sup>®</sup>, the human monovalent <i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidis</i> vaccine since 2014 as part of its routine childhood immunization program, no follow-up study has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i> genotypes among children under five years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. To achieve this goal, stool samples collected between 2021 and 2022 from children under 5 years of age diagnosed with AGE at six hospitals in Luanda Province were analyzed. The <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i>-antigen immunochromatographic test (SD Bioline™, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) was performed, and 121 positive samples were genotyped. Ten samples were randomly selected for further Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the G9P[6] was the most prevalent genotype (17.3%), followed by G9P[8] (16.5%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G3P[6] (13.2%), G8P[6] (11.5%), and less frequently G12P[8] (9.1%), G1P[6] (4.1%), and G1P[8] (2.5%). The genotype combinations G3P[6], G8P[6], and G12P[8] were detected for the first time in Luanda Province. In conclusion, the emergence of new genotype combinations supports the need for continuous surveillance to identify the trend in <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i> infection and the emergence of new strains circulating in Luanda Province in the post-vaccination period. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8432cff894e84bc18068f452af20ee13 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-8432cff894e84bc18068f452af20ee132025-08-20T02:21:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117685810.3390/v17060858<i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of AngolaDikudila G. Vita0Cristina Santiso-Bellón1Manuel Lemos2Zoraima Neto3Elsa Fortes-Gabriel4Miguel Brito5Cruz S. Sebastião6Jesus Rodriguez-Diaz7Celso Cunha8Claudia Istrate9Faculty of Medicine, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda P.O. Box 116, AngolaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, SpainFaculty of Medicine, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda P.O. Box 116, AngolaNational Health Research Institute (INIS), Maianga, Luanda P.O. Box 3635, AngolaCentro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, AngolaCentro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, AngolaNational Health Research Institute (INIS), Maianga, Luanda P.O. Box 3635, AngolaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, SpainGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, PortugalInterdisciplinary Center for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal<i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i> (<i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidis</i>) remains the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea. Although Angola introduced Rotarix<sup>®</sup>, the human monovalent <i>R</i>. <i>alphagastroenteritidis</i> vaccine since 2014 as part of its routine childhood immunization program, no follow-up study has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i> genotypes among children under five years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. To achieve this goal, stool samples collected between 2021 and 2022 from children under 5 years of age diagnosed with AGE at six hospitals in Luanda Province were analyzed. The <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i>-antigen immunochromatographic test (SD Bioline™, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) was performed, and 121 positive samples were genotyped. Ten samples were randomly selected for further Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the G9P[6] was the most prevalent genotype (17.3%), followed by G9P[8] (16.5%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G3P[6] (13.2%), G8P[6] (11.5%), and less frequently G12P[8] (9.1%), G1P[6] (4.1%), and G1P[8] (2.5%). The genotype combinations G3P[6], G8P[6], and G12P[8] were detected for the first time in Luanda Province. In conclusion, the emergence of new genotype combinations supports the need for continuous surveillance to identify the trend in <i>R. alphagastroenteritidis</i> infection and the emergence of new strains circulating in Luanda Province in the post-vaccination period.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/858<i>rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>genotypingRotarix<sup>®</sup>LuandaAngola |
| spellingShingle | Dikudila G. Vita Cristina Santiso-Bellón Manuel Lemos Zoraima Neto Elsa Fortes-Gabriel Miguel Brito Cruz S. Sebastião Jesus Rodriguez-Diaz Celso Cunha Claudia Istrate <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola Viruses <i>rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i> genotyping Rotarix<sup>®</sup> Luanda Angola |
| title | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola |
| title_full | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola |
| title_fullStr | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola |
| title_short | <i>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i>: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix<sup>®</sup>) in Luanda Province of Angola |
| title_sort | i rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis i circulating strains after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine rotarix sup r sup in luanda province of angola |
| topic | <i>rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis</i> genotyping Rotarix<sup>®</sup> Luanda Angola |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/858 |
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