Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover

Abstract Detecting tree cover is crucial for sustainable land management and climate mitigation. Here we develop an automatic detection algorithm using high-resolution satellite data (<5 m) to map pan-tropical tree cover (2015–2022), enabling identification and change analysis for previously unde...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shidong Liu, Jie Zhang, Li Wang, Philippe Ciais, Jianjun Zhang, Josep Penuelas, Biswajit Nath, Iskid Jacquet, Xia Wu, Shengping Ding, Wang Li, Ni Huang, Wanjuan Song, WenJian Ni, Zheng Niu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60662-z
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849768967596408832
author Shidong Liu
Jie Zhang
Li Wang
Philippe Ciais
Jianjun Zhang
Josep Penuelas
Biswajit Nath
Iskid Jacquet
Xia Wu
Shengping Ding
Wang Li
Ni Huang
Wanjuan Song
WenJian Ni
Zheng Niu
author_facet Shidong Liu
Jie Zhang
Li Wang
Philippe Ciais
Jianjun Zhang
Josep Penuelas
Biswajit Nath
Iskid Jacquet
Xia Wu
Shengping Ding
Wang Li
Ni Huang
Wanjuan Song
WenJian Ni
Zheng Niu
author_sort Shidong Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Detecting tree cover is crucial for sustainable land management and climate mitigation. Here we develop an automatic detection algorithm using high-resolution satellite data (<5 m) to map pan-tropical tree cover (2015–2022), enabling identification and change analysis for previously undetected tree cover (PUTC). Our findings reveal that neglecting PUTC represents 17.31 ± 1.78% of the total pan-tropical tree cover. Tree cover net decreased by 61.05 ± 2.36 Mha in both forested areas (63.93%) and non-forested areas (36.07%) between 2015 and 2022. Intense changes in tree cover are primarily observed in regions with PUTC, where the World Cover dataset with a resolution of 10 m often fails to accurately detect tree cover. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to quantify the contributions f climate factors and anthropogenic impacts (including human activities and land use cover change) to tree cover dynamics. Our findings indicate that 43.98% of tree cover gain is linked to increased precipitation, while 56.03% of tree cover loss is associated with anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the need to include undetected tree cover in strategies combating degradation, climate change, and promoting sustainability. Fine-scale mapping can improve biogeochemical cycles modeling and vegetation-climate interactions, improving global change understanding.
format Article
id doaj-art-841a9fb4f4184846977076a25f8dd8b3
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-841a9fb4f4184846977076a25f8dd8b32025-08-20T03:03:37ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-60662-zMapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree coverShidong Liu0Jie Zhang1Li Wang2Philippe Ciais3Jianjun Zhang4Josep Penuelas5Biswajit Nath6Iskid Jacquet7Xia Wu8Shengping Ding9Wang Li10Ni Huang11Wanjuan Song12WenJian Ni13Zheng Niu14State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Land Science and Technology, China University of GeosciencesState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-SaclaySchool of Land Science and Technology, China University of GeosciencesCREAF, Cerdanyola Del VallesDepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of ChittagongSchool of Land Science and Technology, China University of GeosciencesGeography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinFaculty of Science, University of CopenhagenState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Detecting tree cover is crucial for sustainable land management and climate mitigation. Here we develop an automatic detection algorithm using high-resolution satellite data (<5 m) to map pan-tropical tree cover (2015–2022), enabling identification and change analysis for previously undetected tree cover (PUTC). Our findings reveal that neglecting PUTC represents 17.31 ± 1.78% of the total pan-tropical tree cover. Tree cover net decreased by 61.05 ± 2.36 Mha in both forested areas (63.93%) and non-forested areas (36.07%) between 2015 and 2022. Intense changes in tree cover are primarily observed in regions with PUTC, where the World Cover dataset with a resolution of 10 m often fails to accurately detect tree cover. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to quantify the contributions f climate factors and anthropogenic impacts (including human activities and land use cover change) to tree cover dynamics. Our findings indicate that 43.98% of tree cover gain is linked to increased precipitation, while 56.03% of tree cover loss is associated with anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the need to include undetected tree cover in strategies combating degradation, climate change, and promoting sustainability. Fine-scale mapping can improve biogeochemical cycles modeling and vegetation-climate interactions, improving global change understanding.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60662-z
spellingShingle Shidong Liu
Jie Zhang
Li Wang
Philippe Ciais
Jianjun Zhang
Josep Penuelas
Biswajit Nath
Iskid Jacquet
Xia Wu
Shengping Ding
Wang Li
Ni Huang
Wanjuan Song
WenJian Ni
Zheng Niu
Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
Nature Communications
title Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
title_full Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
title_fullStr Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
title_full_unstemmed Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
title_short Mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan-tropical tree cover
title_sort mapping previously undetected trees reveals overlooked changes in pan tropical tree cover
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60662-z
work_keys_str_mv AT shidongliu mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT jiezhang mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT liwang mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT philippeciais mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT jianjunzhang mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT joseppenuelas mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT biswajitnath mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT iskidjacquet mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT xiawu mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT shengpingding mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT wangli mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT nihuang mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT wanjuansong mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT wenjianni mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover
AT zhengniu mappingpreviouslyundetectedtreesrevealsoverlookedchangesinpantropicaltreecover