Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach

This study addresses the limitations of South Korea’s Design for Safety (DfS) reports, which are a critical component of construction safety reports (CSRs) but rely heavily on text, limiting readability and visual comprehension. While previous studies have highlighted the readability challenges in c...

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Main Authors: Jihyun Oh, Jaewook Jeong, Jaemin Jeong, Louis Kumi, Hyeongjun Mun, Hyugsoo Kwon, Hoyoung Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1994
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author Jihyun Oh
Jaewook Jeong
Jaemin Jeong
Louis Kumi
Hyeongjun Mun
Hyugsoo Kwon
Hoyoung Kim
author_facet Jihyun Oh
Jaewook Jeong
Jaemin Jeong
Louis Kumi
Hyeongjun Mun
Hyugsoo Kwon
Hoyoung Kim
author_sort Jihyun Oh
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the limitations of South Korea’s Design for Safety (DfS) reports, which are a critical component of construction safety reports (CSRs) but rely heavily on text, limiting readability and visual comprehension. While previous studies have highlighted the readability challenges in construction safety documents, few have quantitatively combined layout and readability assessments using objective metrics. To enhance information delivery, this research proposes an improved CSR format and quantitatively evaluates its effectiveness compared to the conventional format. A two-step analysis was conducted using document layout analysis, pixel-based methods, and the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) to assess layout and readability. The results showed that conventional CSRs consist of nearly 100% text, while the improved format integrates approximately 70% images and 30% text, enhancing visual clarity without altering content. The improved format achieved a higher average FRES score of 50.24 compared to 44.52 for the conventional format, indicating a 1.12-fold increase in readability. These findings suggest that the improved CSR format significantly enhances comprehension and information delivery. The proposed quantitative analysis method offers a practical approach for evaluating and improving document design in construction safety, and it can be applied to other fields to improve the effectiveness of written communication.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-5309
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spelling doaj-art-8417a309458649d09cde4c2b8a314e4b2025-08-20T03:26:51ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-06-011512199410.3390/buildings15121994Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis ApproachJihyun Oh0Jaewook Jeong1Jaemin Jeong2Louis Kumi3Hyeongjun Mun4Hyugsoo Kwon5Hoyoung Kim6Department of Business Administration and Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, CanadaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Safety Management, Korea South-East Power Co., 32 Sadeul-ro 123beon-gil, Jinju-si 52852, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Safety Management, Korea South-East Power Co., 32 Sadeul-ro 123beon-gil, Jinju-si 52852, Republic of KoreaThis study addresses the limitations of South Korea’s Design for Safety (DfS) reports, which are a critical component of construction safety reports (CSRs) but rely heavily on text, limiting readability and visual comprehension. While previous studies have highlighted the readability challenges in construction safety documents, few have quantitatively combined layout and readability assessments using objective metrics. To enhance information delivery, this research proposes an improved CSR format and quantitatively evaluates its effectiveness compared to the conventional format. A two-step analysis was conducted using document layout analysis, pixel-based methods, and the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) to assess layout and readability. The results showed that conventional CSRs consist of nearly 100% text, while the improved format integrates approximately 70% images and 30% text, enhancing visual clarity without altering content. The improved format achieved a higher average FRES score of 50.24 compared to 44.52 for the conventional format, indicating a 1.12-fold increase in readability. These findings suggest that the improved CSR format significantly enhances comprehension and information delivery. The proposed quantitative analysis method offers a practical approach for evaluating and improving document design in construction safety, and it can be applied to other fields to improve the effectiveness of written communication.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1994construction safety reportdocument layout analysisFlesch Reading Ease ScorereadabilityMonte Carlo simulationAnderson–Darling goodness-of-fit test
spellingShingle Jihyun Oh
Jaewook Jeong
Jaemin Jeong
Louis Kumi
Hyeongjun Mun
Hyugsoo Kwon
Hoyoung Kim
Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
Buildings
construction safety report
document layout analysis
Flesch Reading Ease Score
readability
Monte Carlo simulation
Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit test
title Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
title_full Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
title_fullStr Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
title_short Enhancing Readability in Construction Safety Reports Using a Two-Step Quantitative Analysis Approach
title_sort enhancing readability in construction safety reports using a two step quantitative analysis approach
topic construction safety report
document layout analysis
Flesch Reading Ease Score
readability
Monte Carlo simulation
Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit test
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1994
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