Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights

Abstract One of the most common health concerns disturbing people within working years globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). One well-known consequence of DM is vascular damage, which can manifest as macro- and microangiopathy affecting the ocular retina. Therefore, Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a m...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini, Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid, Zainab A. Alkhuzaie, Sandra Thair Al-Aish, Shahad Al-Zubaidi, Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem, Mohammed Ayad Alobi, Anne Sermed Al Sakini, Rami Thair Al-Aish, Khayry Al-Shami, Hamdah Hanifa, Sara S. Khunda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-024-00603-y
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author Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini
Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid
Zainab A. Alkhuzaie
Sandra Thair Al-Aish
Shahad Al-Zubaidi
Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem
Mohammed Ayad Alobi
Anne Sermed Al Sakini
Rami Thair Al-Aish
Khayry Al-Shami
Hamdah Hanifa
Sara S. Khunda
author_facet Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini
Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid
Zainab A. Alkhuzaie
Sandra Thair Al-Aish
Shahad Al-Zubaidi
Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem
Mohammed Ayad Alobi
Anne Sermed Al Sakini
Rami Thair Al-Aish
Khayry Al-Shami
Hamdah Hanifa
Sara S. Khunda
author_sort Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini
collection DOAJ
description Abstract One of the most common health concerns disturbing people within working years globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). One well-known consequence of DM is vascular damage, which can manifest as macro- and microangiopathy affecting the ocular retina. Therefore, Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy (DR) worldwide. It is the most prevalent cause of significant vision impairment in diabetic patients. Long-term vision loss can be avoided by following early DME treatment guidelines in everyday life. Hence, there are various therapeutic approaches for DME management. Currently, the first-line treatment for DME is anti-VEGF family drugs, such as ranibizumab, brolucizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept. Nevertheless, relapses of the disease, inadequate response, and resistance during anti-VEGF therapy are still seen because of the intricate pathophysiological foundation of the disease. Consequently, there is an excellent requirement for therapeutic approaches to advance and become better at controlling diseases more satisfactorily and require fewer treatments overall. We conducted a thorough literature search in the current review to present a comprehensive overview of the primary data about the current DME therapeutic agents. We also covered the novel advances in DME management and probable future treatments being investigated and developed. This review recommended that Large clinical trials should afford sufficient evidence to support these innovative treatment modalities.
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spelling doaj-art-83f3cf1e7d374ebf98e153e394e933b52025-08-20T02:18:28ZengBMCInternational Journal of Retina and Vitreous2056-99202024-10-0110112610.1186/s40942-024-00603-yDiabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insightsAhmed Sermed Al Sakini0Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid1Zainab A. Alkhuzaie2Sandra Thair Al-Aish3Shahad Al-Zubaidi4Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem5Mohammed Ayad Alobi6Anne Sermed Al Sakini7Rami Thair Al-Aish8Khayry Al-Shami9Hamdah Hanifa10Sara S. Khunda11Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of BaghdadCollege of Medicine, University of AlexandriaClinical Teaching Fellow, College of Medicine, University of KufaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of BaghdadClinical Teaching Fellow, University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy Medical CollegeCollege of Medicine, University of JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine , Ibn Sina Teaching HospitalDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of BaghdadDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of BaghdadDepartment of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk UniversityFaculty of Medicine, University of KalamoonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Baghdad Medical CityAbstract One of the most common health concerns disturbing people within working years globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). One well-known consequence of DM is vascular damage, which can manifest as macro- and microangiopathy affecting the ocular retina. Therefore, Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy (DR) worldwide. It is the most prevalent cause of significant vision impairment in diabetic patients. Long-term vision loss can be avoided by following early DME treatment guidelines in everyday life. Hence, there are various therapeutic approaches for DME management. Currently, the first-line treatment for DME is anti-VEGF family drugs, such as ranibizumab, brolucizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept. Nevertheless, relapses of the disease, inadequate response, and resistance during anti-VEGF therapy are still seen because of the intricate pathophysiological foundation of the disease. Consequently, there is an excellent requirement for therapeutic approaches to advance and become better at controlling diseases more satisfactorily and require fewer treatments overall. We conducted a thorough literature search in the current review to present a comprehensive overview of the primary data about the current DME therapeutic agents. We also covered the novel advances in DME management and probable future treatments being investigated and developed. This review recommended that Large clinical trials should afford sufficient evidence to support these innovative treatment modalities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-024-00603-yDiabetic macular edemaAnti-VEGFsDiabetes mellitusProliferative diabetic retinopathySelective retinal therapy
spellingShingle Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini
Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid
Zainab A. Alkhuzaie
Sandra Thair Al-Aish
Shahad Al-Zubaidi
Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem
Mohammed Ayad Alobi
Anne Sermed Al Sakini
Rami Thair Al-Aish
Khayry Al-Shami
Hamdah Hanifa
Sara S. Khunda
Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
Diabetic macular edema
Anti-VEGFs
Diabetes mellitus
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Selective retinal therapy
title Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
title_full Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
title_fullStr Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
title_full_unstemmed Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
title_short Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
title_sort diabetic macular edema dme dissecting pathogenesis prognostication diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
topic Diabetic macular edema
Anti-VEGFs
Diabetes mellitus
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Selective retinal therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-024-00603-y
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