Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with rapid growth and high aggressiveness. Extensive-stage SCLC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy; however, drug resistance and recurrence occur rapidly, resulting in a poor survival outcome due to lack of subsequently efficient therapy. The...

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Main Authors: Hui Li, Peiyan Zhao, Lin Tian, Yuanhua Lu, Xinyue Wang, Wenjun Shao, Ying Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490590/full
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author Hui Li
Hui Li
Peiyan Zhao
Peiyan Zhao
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
author_facet Hui Li
Hui Li
Peiyan Zhao
Peiyan Zhao
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
author_sort Hui Li
collection DOAJ
description Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with rapid growth and high aggressiveness. Extensive-stage SCLC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy; however, drug resistance and recurrence occur rapidly, resulting in a poor survival outcome due to lack of subsequently efficient therapy. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) generated a new landscape of SCLC treatment and significantly prolonged the survival of patients. However, the unselected immunotherapy restrains both beneficiary population and responsive period in SCLC compared to the other tumors. The complex tumor origin, high heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment may disturb the value of conventional biomarkers in SCLC including programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and tumor mutation burden. Transcriptional regulator–based subtypes of SCLC are current research hotspot, revealing that Y (I) subtype can benefit from ICIs. Additionally, molecules related to immune microenvironment, immunogenicity, epigenetics, and SCLC itself also indicated the therapeutic benefits of ICIs, becoming potential predictive biomarkers. In this review, we discussed the advances of biomarkers for prediction and prognosis of immunotherapy, promising directions in the future, and provide reference and options for precision immunotherapy and survival improvement in patients with SCLC.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-83e64f1306d04d95850529f8018bd73e2025-08-20T01:54:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14905901490590Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancerHui Li0Hui Li1Peiyan Zhao2Peiyan Zhao3Lin Tian4Lin Tian5Lin Tian6Yuanhua Lu7Yuanhua Lu8Yuanhua Lu9Xinyue Wang10Xinyue Wang11Xinyue Wang12Wenjun Shao13Wenjun Shao14Wenjun Shao15Ying Cheng16Ying Cheng17Ying Cheng18Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaPostdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaPostdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaPostdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaPostdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaMedical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, ChinaSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with rapid growth and high aggressiveness. Extensive-stage SCLC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy; however, drug resistance and recurrence occur rapidly, resulting in a poor survival outcome due to lack of subsequently efficient therapy. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) generated a new landscape of SCLC treatment and significantly prolonged the survival of patients. However, the unselected immunotherapy restrains both beneficiary population and responsive period in SCLC compared to the other tumors. The complex tumor origin, high heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment may disturb the value of conventional biomarkers in SCLC including programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and tumor mutation burden. Transcriptional regulator–based subtypes of SCLC are current research hotspot, revealing that Y (I) subtype can benefit from ICIs. Additionally, molecules related to immune microenvironment, immunogenicity, epigenetics, and SCLC itself also indicated the therapeutic benefits of ICIs, becoming potential predictive biomarkers. In this review, we discussed the advances of biomarkers for prediction and prognosis of immunotherapy, promising directions in the future, and provide reference and options for precision immunotherapy and survival improvement in patients with SCLC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490590/fullsmall-cell lung cancerimmunotherapybiomarkerresearch advancespredictiveprognosis
spellingShingle Hui Li
Hui Li
Peiyan Zhao
Peiyan Zhao
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Lin Tian
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Yuanhua Lu
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Xinyue Wang
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Wenjun Shao
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
Frontiers in Immunology
small-cell lung cancer
immunotherapy
biomarker
research advances
predictive
prognosis
title Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
title_full Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
title_fullStr Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
title_full_unstemmed Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
title_short Advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer
title_sort advances in biomarkers for immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer
topic small-cell lung cancer
immunotherapy
biomarker
research advances
predictive
prognosis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490590/full
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