The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds

Background. There has been an increasing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential surrogate markers of gut dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disease. Gut dysbiosis occurs when pathological imbalances in gut bacterial colonies precipitate disease and has been linked to the dy...

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Main Authors: Nidhi M. Sagar, Ian A. Cree, James A. Covington, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-01-01
Series:Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398585
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author Nidhi M. Sagar
Ian A. Cree
James A. Covington
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
author_facet Nidhi M. Sagar
Ian A. Cree
James A. Covington
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
author_sort Nidhi M. Sagar
collection DOAJ
description Background. There has been an increasing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential surrogate markers of gut dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disease. Gut dysbiosis occurs when pathological imbalances in gut bacterial colonies precipitate disease and has been linked to the dysmetabolism of bile acids (BA) in the gut. BA metabolites as a result of microbial transformations act as signaling molecules and have demonstrated regulation of intestinal homeostasis through the TGR5 and FXR receptors by inhibiting inflammation, preventing pathogen invasion, and maintaining cell integrity. The presence of VOC footprints is the resultant effect to gut microbiome substrate fermentation. Aim. To review the role of the gut microbiome and bile acid signaling in intestinal homeostasis and the resultant use of VOCs as potential noninvasive surrogate biomarkers in gut dysbiosis. Methods. A systematic search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed to identify articles relevant to gut dysbiosis, BA metabolism, and VOCs. Conclusions. The host and presence of the gut microbiome appear to regulate the BA pool size. A dysbiotic gut microbiome results in disrupted intestinal homeostasis, which may be reflected by VOCs, differentiating those who are healthy and those with disease.
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spelling doaj-art-83e2e45ff90b48f98522bcafafe816ce2025-08-20T02:09:08ZengWileyGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-61211687-630X2015-01-01201510.1155/2015/398585398585The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic CompoundsNidhi M. Sagar0Ian A. Cree1James A. Covington2Ramesh P. Arasaradnam3Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKClinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKClinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKBackground. There has been an increasing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential surrogate markers of gut dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disease. Gut dysbiosis occurs when pathological imbalances in gut bacterial colonies precipitate disease and has been linked to the dysmetabolism of bile acids (BA) in the gut. BA metabolites as a result of microbial transformations act as signaling molecules and have demonstrated regulation of intestinal homeostasis through the TGR5 and FXR receptors by inhibiting inflammation, preventing pathogen invasion, and maintaining cell integrity. The presence of VOC footprints is the resultant effect to gut microbiome substrate fermentation. Aim. To review the role of the gut microbiome and bile acid signaling in intestinal homeostasis and the resultant use of VOCs as potential noninvasive surrogate biomarkers in gut dysbiosis. Methods. A systematic search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed to identify articles relevant to gut dysbiosis, BA metabolism, and VOCs. Conclusions. The host and presence of the gut microbiome appear to regulate the BA pool size. A dysbiotic gut microbiome results in disrupted intestinal homeostasis, which may be reflected by VOCs, differentiating those who are healthy and those with disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398585
spellingShingle Nidhi M. Sagar
Ian A. Cree
James A. Covington
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
title The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
title_full The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
title_fullStr The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
title_full_unstemmed The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
title_short The Interplay of the Gut Microbiome, Bile Acids, and Volatile Organic Compounds
title_sort interplay of the gut microbiome bile acids and volatile organic compounds
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398585
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