Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a growing public health challenge due to its increasing prevalence, projected to reach 150 million cases by 2050. Characterised by neuropathological changes such as the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, the disease is relate...

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Main Authors: Laura Bello-Corral, Jesús Seco-Calvo, Marta Celorrio San Miguel, Evelina Garrosa, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3409
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author Laura Bello-Corral
Jesús Seco-Calvo
Marta Celorrio San Miguel
Evelina Garrosa
Diego Fernández-Lázaro
Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón
author_facet Laura Bello-Corral
Jesús Seco-Calvo
Marta Celorrio San Miguel
Evelina Garrosa
Diego Fernández-Lázaro
Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón
author_sort Laura Bello-Corral
collection DOAJ
description Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a growing public health challenge due to its increasing prevalence, projected to reach 150 million cases by 2050. Characterised by neuropathological changes such as the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, the disease is related to genetic and environmental factors. The main objective of this research has been to analyse the possible relationship between some cardiovascular factors and AD. This analytical observational case-control study carried out in Castilla y León (Spain), comprised a total of 511 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, of whom 260 had a diagnosis of AD and the rest were healthy individuals. The results showed that the group with AD were predominantly women, widowed and with primary education, who showed a higher prevalence of family history of the disease. It was also observed that hypertension, cardiac pathology and diabetes mellitus were three cardiovascular risk factors that showed significant increased differences in the group of AD patients compared to the group of control individuals. Although the precise mechanisms require further research, these results underline the importance of addressing complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the prevention of AD.
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spelling doaj-art-83dc70448f1a44709849ce42fafc12d22025-08-20T02:11:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156340910.3390/app15063409Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, SpainLaura Bello-Corral0Jesús Seco-Calvo1Marta Celorrio San Miguel2Evelina Garrosa3Diego Fernández-Lázaro4Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón5Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainEmergency Department, Línea de la Concepción Hospital, C. Gabriel Miró, 108, 11300 La Línea de la Concepción, SpainFaculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, SpainHealth Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainAlzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a growing public health challenge due to its increasing prevalence, projected to reach 150 million cases by 2050. Characterised by neuropathological changes such as the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, the disease is related to genetic and environmental factors. The main objective of this research has been to analyse the possible relationship between some cardiovascular factors and AD. This analytical observational case-control study carried out in Castilla y León (Spain), comprised a total of 511 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, of whom 260 had a diagnosis of AD and the rest were healthy individuals. The results showed that the group with AD were predominantly women, widowed and with primary education, who showed a higher prevalence of family history of the disease. It was also observed that hypertension, cardiac pathology and diabetes mellitus were three cardiovascular risk factors that showed significant increased differences in the group of AD patients compared to the group of control individuals. Although the precise mechanisms require further research, these results underline the importance of addressing complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the prevention of AD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3409Alzheimer’s diseasecardiac pathologycardiovascular riskdiabetes mellitushigh blood pressurehypercholesterolemia
spellingShingle Laura Bello-Corral
Jesús Seco-Calvo
Marta Celorrio San Miguel
Evelina Garrosa
Diego Fernández-Lázaro
Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón
Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
Applied Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease
cardiac pathology
cardiovascular risk
diabetes mellitus
high blood pressure
hypercholesterolemia
title Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
title_full Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
title_fullStr Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
title_short Evaluating the Link Between Cardiovascular Risk and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study in Castilla y León, Spain
title_sort evaluating the link between cardiovascular risk and alzheimer s disease a comprehensive case control study in castilla y leon spain
topic Alzheimer’s disease
cardiac pathology
cardiovascular risk
diabetes mellitus
high blood pressure
hypercholesterolemia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3409
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