Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study
Changes in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods. We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4074051 |
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| author | Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva Rodrigo Arreola Gabriela Martínez-Levy María Eugenia Hernández-Gutiérrez Marco A. Velasco-Velásquez Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Carlos Cruz-Fuentes Lino Palacios Francisco de la Peña Lenin Pavón |
| author_facet | Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva Rodrigo Arreola Gabriela Martínez-Levy María Eugenia Hernández-Gutiérrez Marco A. Velasco-Velásquez Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Carlos Cruz-Fuentes Lino Palacios Francisco de la Peña Lenin Pavón |
| author_sort | Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Changes in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods. We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) cytokine serum levels in 22 adolescents with major depression and 18 healthy volunteers. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of fluoxetine administration in the clinical group. Results. Compared to healthy volunteers, adolescents with major depression at baseline showed significant increases in all pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-1Ra and IL-10. Significant changes were observed in fluoxetine treatment compared to baseline: proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 were decreased only at week 4 whereas IL-2 was increased only at week 8; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were increased at week 8 while IL-1Ra was reduced only at week 4. There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels and symptomatic improvement in HDRS. Discussion. The results suggest a significant interplay between cytokine levels, the depressive state, and the stage of treatment with an SSRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in depressed adolescents with elevated IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 levels. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of altered cytokine levels in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of major depressive disorder. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-83d0b3a2a9ff421bac88c0d997b05252 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-83d0b3a2a9ff421bac88c0d997b052522025-08-20T02:09:08ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612018-01-01201810.1155/2018/40740514074051Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open StudyGilberto Pérez-Sánchez0Enrique Becerril-Villanueva1Rodrigo Arreola2Gabriela Martínez-Levy3María Eugenia Hernández-Gutiérrez4Marco A. Velasco-Velásquez5Samantha Alvarez-Herrera6Carlos Cruz-Fuentes7Lino Palacios8Francisco de la Peña9Lenin Pavón10Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoLaboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoPsychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoPsychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoNeuropharmacology Laboratory, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoSchool of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México City, MexicoLaboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoPsychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoAdolescent clinic, Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoAdolescent clinic, Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoLaboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, MexicoChanges in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods. We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) cytokine serum levels in 22 adolescents with major depression and 18 healthy volunteers. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of fluoxetine administration in the clinical group. Results. Compared to healthy volunteers, adolescents with major depression at baseline showed significant increases in all pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-1Ra and IL-10. Significant changes were observed in fluoxetine treatment compared to baseline: proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 were decreased only at week 4 whereas IL-2 was increased only at week 8; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were increased at week 8 while IL-1Ra was reduced only at week 4. There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels and symptomatic improvement in HDRS. Discussion. The results suggest a significant interplay between cytokine levels, the depressive state, and the stage of treatment with an SSRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in depressed adolescents with elevated IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 levels. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of altered cytokine levels in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of major depressive disorder.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4074051 |
| spellingShingle | Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva Rodrigo Arreola Gabriela Martínez-Levy María Eugenia Hernández-Gutiérrez Marco A. Velasco-Velásquez Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Carlos Cruz-Fuentes Lino Palacios Francisco de la Peña Lenin Pavón Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study |
| title_full | Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study |
| title_short | Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study |
| title_sort | inflammatory profiles in depressed adolescents treated with fluoxetine an 8 week follow up open study |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4074051 |
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