Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term

This paper investigates integrable properties of a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (gvcKdV) equation incorporating dissipation, inhomogeneous media, and an external-force term. Based on Painlevé analysis, sufficient and necessary conditions for the equation’s Painlevé integrabilit...

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Main Authors: Gongxun Li, Zhiyan Wang, Ke Wang, Nianqin Jiang, Guangmei Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1642
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author Gongxun Li
Zhiyan Wang
Ke Wang
Nianqin Jiang
Guangmei Wei
author_facet Gongxun Li
Zhiyan Wang
Ke Wang
Nianqin Jiang
Guangmei Wei
author_sort Gongxun Li
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigates integrable properties of a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (gvcKdV) equation incorporating dissipation, inhomogeneous media, and an external-force term. Based on Painlevé analysis, sufficient and necessary conditions for the equation’s Painlevé integrability are obtained. Under specific integrability conditions, the Lax pair for this equation is successfully constructed using the extended Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur system (AKNS system). Furthermore, the Riccati-type Bäcklund transformation (R-BT), Wahlquist–Estabrook-type Bäcklund transformation (WE-BT), and the nonlinear superposition formula are derived. In utilizing these transformations and the formula, explicit one-soliton-like and two-soliton-like solutions are constructed from a seed solution. Moreover, the infinite conservation laws of the equation are systematically derived. Finally, the influence of variable coefficients and the external-force term on the propagation characteristics of a solitory wave is discussed, and soliton interaction is illustrated graphically.
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spelling doaj-art-83cae6814e5d4324a606c6c06f82dbc52025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-05-011310164210.3390/math13101642Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force TermGongxun Li0Zhiyan Wang1Ke Wang2Nianqin Jiang3Guangmei Wei4LMIB and School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaLMIB and School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaLMIB and School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaLMIB and School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaThis paper investigates integrable properties of a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (gvcKdV) equation incorporating dissipation, inhomogeneous media, and an external-force term. Based on Painlevé analysis, sufficient and necessary conditions for the equation’s Painlevé integrability are obtained. Under specific integrability conditions, the Lax pair for this equation is successfully constructed using the extended Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur system (AKNS system). Furthermore, the Riccati-type Bäcklund transformation (R-BT), Wahlquist–Estabrook-type Bäcklund transformation (WE-BT), and the nonlinear superposition formula are derived. In utilizing these transformations and the formula, explicit one-soliton-like and two-soliton-like solutions are constructed from a seed solution. Moreover, the infinite conservation laws of the equation are systematically derived. Finally, the influence of variable coefficients and the external-force term on the propagation characteristics of a solitory wave is discussed, and soliton interaction is illustrated graphically.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1642generalized variable-coefficient KdV equationPainlevé analysislax pairauto-Bäcklund transformationconservation law
spellingShingle Gongxun Li
Zhiyan Wang
Ke Wang
Nianqin Jiang
Guangmei Wei
Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
Mathematics
generalized variable-coefficient KdV equation
Painlevé analysis
lax pair
auto-Bäcklund transformation
conservation law
title Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
title_full Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
title_fullStr Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
title_full_unstemmed Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
title_short Analytic Investigation of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient KdV Equation with External-Force Term
title_sort analytic investigation of a generalized variable coefficient kdv equation with external force term
topic generalized variable-coefficient KdV equation
Painlevé analysis
lax pair
auto-Bäcklund transformation
conservation law
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1642
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AT kewang analyticinvestigationofageneralizedvariablecoefficientkdvequationwithexternalforceterm
AT nianqinjiang analyticinvestigationofageneralizedvariablecoefficientkdvequationwithexternalforceterm
AT guangmeiwei analyticinvestigationofageneralizedvariablecoefficientkdvequationwithexternalforceterm