Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities
Abstract Urbanization results in increased numbers of people living in cities and poses challenges and opportunities to public health policies. Studies of urban scaling have unveiled how cities’ socio-economic and infrastructural attributes vary systematically with city size. Previous studies have e...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92087-5 |
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| author | Aureliano S. S. Paiva Usama Bilal Roberto F. S. Andrade Claudiano C. Cruz Neto J. Firmino de Sousa Filho Gervásio F. Santos Maurício L. Barreto Daniel A. Rodriguez Pricila Mullachery Brisa Sanchez Ana V. Diez-Roux Felipe Montes Andrés Trotta Tania Alfaro J. Jaime Miranda Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez |
| author_facet | Aureliano S. S. Paiva Usama Bilal Roberto F. S. Andrade Claudiano C. Cruz Neto J. Firmino de Sousa Filho Gervásio F. Santos Maurício L. Barreto Daniel A. Rodriguez Pricila Mullachery Brisa Sanchez Ana V. Diez-Roux Felipe Montes Andrés Trotta Tania Alfaro J. Jaime Miranda Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez |
| author_sort | Aureliano S. S. Paiva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Urbanization results in increased numbers of people living in cities and poses challenges and opportunities to public health policies. Studies of urban scaling have unveiled how cities’ socio-economic and infrastructural attributes vary systematically with city size. Previous studies have explored the scaling properties of health outcomes across metropolitan areas in different countries, but chronic diseases have been infrequently examined. This paper examines scaling behaviors of 4 cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and obesity across 230 cities in six countries of Latin America. In analyses pooled across countries, diabetes and hypertension showed weakly superlinear scaling (higher prevalence in larger cities). In comparison, obesity showed linear scaling, and tobacco showed weakly sublinear scaling (lower prevalence in larger cities), although most coefficients did not differ significantly from the null. In country-specific analyses, hypertension and diabetes tended to show a superlinear pattern across most countries, obesity tended to show a sublinear pattern in most countries, and tobacco tended to be superlinear (in contrast to the analysis pooled across countries where it was sublinear). Results suggest the need to examine further the drivers of this varying scaling of risk factors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-83c4ce2a8e384134925aef0dc8830ae7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-83c4ce2a8e384134925aef0dc8830ae72025-08-20T02:16:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-92087-5Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American citiesAureliano S. S. Paiva0Usama Bilal1Roberto F. S. Andrade2Claudiano C. Cruz Neto3J. Firmino de Sousa Filho4Gervásio F. Santos5Maurício L. Barreto6Daniel A. Rodriguez7Pricila Mullachery8Brisa Sanchez9Ana V. Diez-Roux10Felipe Montes11Andrés Trotta12Tania Alfaro13J. Jaime Miranda14Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez15Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizUrban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public HealthCenter of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizCenter of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizCenter of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizCenter of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizCenter of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo MonizDepartment of City and Regional Planning and Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California BerkeleyUrban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public HealthUrban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public HealthUrban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public HealthDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los AndesInstitute of Collective Health, Universidad Nacional de LanúsEscuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileCRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaCenter for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public HealthAbstract Urbanization results in increased numbers of people living in cities and poses challenges and opportunities to public health policies. Studies of urban scaling have unveiled how cities’ socio-economic and infrastructural attributes vary systematically with city size. Previous studies have explored the scaling properties of health outcomes across metropolitan areas in different countries, but chronic diseases have been infrequently examined. This paper examines scaling behaviors of 4 cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and obesity across 230 cities in six countries of Latin America. In analyses pooled across countries, diabetes and hypertension showed weakly superlinear scaling (higher prevalence in larger cities). In comparison, obesity showed linear scaling, and tobacco showed weakly sublinear scaling (lower prevalence in larger cities), although most coefficients did not differ significantly from the null. In country-specific analyses, hypertension and diabetes tended to show a superlinear pattern across most countries, obesity tended to show a sublinear pattern in most countries, and tobacco tended to be superlinear (in contrast to the analysis pooled across countries where it was sublinear). Results suggest the need to examine further the drivers of this varying scaling of risk factors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92087-5Urban healthCardiovascular diseaseUrban scalingProportionLatin America |
| spellingShingle | Aureliano S. S. Paiva Usama Bilal Roberto F. S. Andrade Claudiano C. Cruz Neto J. Firmino de Sousa Filho Gervásio F. Santos Maurício L. Barreto Daniel A. Rodriguez Pricila Mullachery Brisa Sanchez Ana V. Diez-Roux Felipe Montes Andrés Trotta Tania Alfaro J. Jaime Miranda Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities Scientific Reports Urban health Cardiovascular disease Urban scaling Proportion Latin America |
| title | Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities |
| title_full | Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities |
| title_fullStr | Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities |
| title_short | Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities |
| title_sort | scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 latin american cities |
| topic | Urban health Cardiovascular disease Urban scaling Proportion Latin America |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92087-5 |
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