Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes

Climacteric fruits like bananas often experience significant post-harvest losses due to rapid ripening. This study investigated the molecular processes behind banana ripening, focusing on DNA methylation and its role in regulating gene expression through epigenetics. Physiological changes during rip...

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Main Authors: Dina Hermawaty, Mita Azzahra Putri, Sekar Prabhandiya, Fenny Martha Dwivany, Karlia Meitha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Food & Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2448267
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author Dina Hermawaty
Mita Azzahra Putri
Sekar Prabhandiya
Fenny Martha Dwivany
Karlia Meitha
author_facet Dina Hermawaty
Mita Azzahra Putri
Sekar Prabhandiya
Fenny Martha Dwivany
Karlia Meitha
author_sort Dina Hermawaty
collection DOAJ
description Climacteric fruits like bananas often experience significant post-harvest losses due to rapid ripening. This study investigated the molecular processes behind banana ripening, focusing on DNA methylation and its role in regulating gene expression through epigenetics. Physiological changes during ripening included alterations in peel color, fruit firmness, and total soluble solids, with marked increases in starch degradation, brown spot formation, and ethylene production by day 7. Global DNA methylation patterns, analyzed using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism, revealed an increase in methylation levels on day 3 of ripening. Key genes involved in DNA methylation and demethylation were identified through in silico gene and protein analysis of Musa acuminata. These include three methyltransferases (MaDRM2-A, MaDRM2-B, and MaDRM2-C) and three demethylation-related genes (MaDML-A, MaDML-B, and MaROS1). Expression levels of MaDRM2-A, MaDRM2-B, MaDML-A, and MaROS1 significantly increased by day 3, suggesting their involvement in early ripening processes. Additionally, methylation dynamics were observed on CpG islands of two critical transcription factors, MaMADS1 and MaMADS2, though gene regulation was unaffected. The study highlights that DNA methylation regulation precedes visible physiological changes in ripening, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms governing fruit ripening and potential strategies to enhance quality and extend shelf life.
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spelling doaj-art-83bcf39cf09e45bf9132a8f768663cf82025-08-20T02:43:46ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Food & Agriculture2331-19322025-12-0111110.1080/23311932.2024.2448267Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genesDina Hermawaty0Mita Azzahra Putri1Sekar Prabhandiya2Fenny Martha Dwivany3Karlia Meitha4Biotechnology Department, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), East Jakarta, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaClimacteric fruits like bananas often experience significant post-harvest losses due to rapid ripening. This study investigated the molecular processes behind banana ripening, focusing on DNA methylation and its role in regulating gene expression through epigenetics. Physiological changes during ripening included alterations in peel color, fruit firmness, and total soluble solids, with marked increases in starch degradation, brown spot formation, and ethylene production by day 7. Global DNA methylation patterns, analyzed using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism, revealed an increase in methylation levels on day 3 of ripening. Key genes involved in DNA methylation and demethylation were identified through in silico gene and protein analysis of Musa acuminata. These include three methyltransferases (MaDRM2-A, MaDRM2-B, and MaDRM2-C) and three demethylation-related genes (MaDML-A, MaDML-B, and MaROS1). Expression levels of MaDRM2-A, MaDRM2-B, MaDML-A, and MaROS1 significantly increased by day 3, suggesting their involvement in early ripening processes. Additionally, methylation dynamics were observed on CpG islands of two critical transcription factors, MaMADS1 and MaMADS2, though gene regulation was unaffected. The study highlights that DNA methylation regulation precedes visible physiological changes in ripening, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms governing fruit ripening and potential strategies to enhance quality and extend shelf life.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2448267DNA methyltransferasedomain rearranged methylationDEMETER-LIKErepressor of silencingDNA demethylationAgriculture
spellingShingle Dina Hermawaty
Mita Azzahra Putri
Sekar Prabhandiya
Fenny Martha Dwivany
Karlia Meitha
Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
Cogent Food & Agriculture
DNA methyltransferase
domain rearranged methylation
DEMETER-LIKE
repressor of silencing
DNA demethylation
Agriculture
title Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
title_full Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
title_fullStr Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
title_short Epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening: global and specific DNA methylation profile, and characterization of DNA methylation-related genes
title_sort epigenetic regulation of banana fruit ripening global and specific dna methylation profile and characterization of dna methylation related genes
topic DNA methyltransferase
domain rearranged methylation
DEMETER-LIKE
repressor of silencing
DNA demethylation
Agriculture
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2448267
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