Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Incidental adrenal cysts are quite rare and thus can present a diagnostic conundrum for even experienced clinicians. Here, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally identified 5 cm adrenal mass. Her evaluation was notable for evidence of mild autonomous cortisol secretion and imaging fin...

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Main Authors: Andrew C. Hu, Jesse E. Passman, Heather Wachtel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514251345267
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author Andrew C. Hu
Jesse E. Passman
Heather Wachtel
author_facet Andrew C. Hu
Jesse E. Passman
Heather Wachtel
author_sort Andrew C. Hu
collection DOAJ
description Incidental adrenal cysts are quite rare and thus can present a diagnostic conundrum for even experienced clinicians. Here, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally identified 5 cm adrenal mass. Her evaluation was notable for evidence of mild autonomous cortisol secretion and imaging findings concerning for malignancy with possible invasion of the inferior vena cava. Adrenalectomy was performed; pathology ultimately demonstrated an adrenal cortical pseudocyst without evidence of malignancy. All patients with solid, high-density, or large adrenal tumors require further imaging for characterization and biochemical testing for hormone secretion. While simple, low-density adrenal adenomas and cysts do not require further imaging evaluation beyond non-contrast CT, mixed cystic and solid lesions or pseudocystic lesions should be evaluated similarly to solid tumors, with the caveat that pseudocysts cannot always be well-differentiated from benign cysts on imaging. All adrenal incidentalomas should be evaluated with a biochemical work-up to assess hormonal activity. Tumors suspicious for malignancy require surgical excision. Patients with benign, hormonally active tumors should be managed surgically or medically, according to their primary pathology.
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spelling doaj-art-83b7133b4be74479aece574c7a9393ff2025-08-20T03:19:27ZengSAGE PublishingClinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes1179-55142025-06-011810.1177/11795514251345267Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical CarcinomaAndrew C. Hu0Jesse E. Passman1Heather Wachtel2Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USAIncidental adrenal cysts are quite rare and thus can present a diagnostic conundrum for even experienced clinicians. Here, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally identified 5 cm adrenal mass. Her evaluation was notable for evidence of mild autonomous cortisol secretion and imaging findings concerning for malignancy with possible invasion of the inferior vena cava. Adrenalectomy was performed; pathology ultimately demonstrated an adrenal cortical pseudocyst without evidence of malignancy. All patients with solid, high-density, or large adrenal tumors require further imaging for characterization and biochemical testing for hormone secretion. While simple, low-density adrenal adenomas and cysts do not require further imaging evaluation beyond non-contrast CT, mixed cystic and solid lesions or pseudocystic lesions should be evaluated similarly to solid tumors, with the caveat that pseudocysts cannot always be well-differentiated from benign cysts on imaging. All adrenal incidentalomas should be evaluated with a biochemical work-up to assess hormonal activity. Tumors suspicious for malignancy require surgical excision. Patients with benign, hormonally active tumors should be managed surgically or medically, according to their primary pathology.https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514251345267
spellingShingle Andrew C. Hu
Jesse E. Passman
Heather Wachtel
Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes
title Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_full Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_fullStr Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_short Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_sort adrenal pseudocyst masquerading as adrenocortical carcinoma
url https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514251345267
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