DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk

Abstract Background Blood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been used to show that changes in circulating leukocyte composition occur during breast cancer development, suggesting that peripheral immune system alterations are markers of breast cancer risk. Blood DNAm profiles have recently been us...

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Main Authors: Jacob K. Kresovich, Brett M. Reid, Katie M. O’Brien, Zongli Xu, Doratha A. Byrd, Clarice R. Weinberg, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Breast Cancer Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02004-x
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author Jacob K. Kresovich
Brett M. Reid
Katie M. O’Brien
Zongli Xu
Doratha A. Byrd
Clarice R. Weinberg
Dale P. Sandler
Jack A. Taylor
author_facet Jacob K. Kresovich
Brett M. Reid
Katie M. O’Brien
Zongli Xu
Doratha A. Byrd
Clarice R. Weinberg
Dale P. Sandler
Jack A. Taylor
author_sort Jacob K. Kresovich
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Blood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been used to show that changes in circulating leukocyte composition occur during breast cancer development, suggesting that peripheral immune system alterations are markers of breast cancer risk. Blood DNAm profiles have recently been used to predict plasma protein concentrations (“Protein EpiScores”), but their associations with breast cancer risk have not been examined in detail. Methods Whole blood DNAm profiles were obtained for a case-cohort sample of participants in the Sister Study and used to calculate 109 Protein EpiScores. Of the 4,479 women included, 2,151 (48%) were diagnosed with breast cancer within 15 years of their baseline blood draw (median time to diagnosis: 8.6 years; 1,673 invasive cancer and 478 ductal carcinomas in situ). Protein EpiScores associations with breast cancer incidence were estimated using weighted Cox regression models, overall and stratified by time and participant characteristics. Results Protein EpiScores for RARRES2, IGFBP4, and CCL21 were positively associated with invasive breast cancer risk (hazard ratios from 1.17 to 1.24), while those for F7, SELL, CXCL9, CD48, and IL19 were inversely associated (hazard ratios from 0.82 to 0.86) (all FDR < 0.10). Eight immune response-related Protein EpiScores (CXCL9, CD48, FCGR3B, CXCL11, CCL21, CRTAM, VCAM1, GZMA) were associated with invasive cancers diagnosed within five years of enrollment. Protein EpiScore associations were consistently stronger for estrogen receptor-negative tumors. Conclusions Several Protein EpiScores, including many related to immune response, were associated with breast cancer risk, highlighting novel changes to the peripheral immune system that occur during breast cancer development.
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spelling doaj-art-838186cc2b1847e5b50f89fbbaea1cef2025-08-20T03:46:32ZengBMCBreast Cancer Research1465-542X2025-03-0127111010.1186/s13058-025-02004-xDNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer riskJacob K. Kresovich0Brett M. Reid1Katie M. O’Brien2Zongli Xu3Doratha A. Byrd4Clarice R. Weinberg5Dale P. Sandler6Jack A. Taylor7Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle ParkBiostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle ParkDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteBiostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle ParkEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle ParkEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle ParkAbstract Background Blood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been used to show that changes in circulating leukocyte composition occur during breast cancer development, suggesting that peripheral immune system alterations are markers of breast cancer risk. Blood DNAm profiles have recently been used to predict plasma protein concentrations (“Protein EpiScores”), but their associations with breast cancer risk have not been examined in detail. Methods Whole blood DNAm profiles were obtained for a case-cohort sample of participants in the Sister Study and used to calculate 109 Protein EpiScores. Of the 4,479 women included, 2,151 (48%) were diagnosed with breast cancer within 15 years of their baseline blood draw (median time to diagnosis: 8.6 years; 1,673 invasive cancer and 478 ductal carcinomas in situ). Protein EpiScores associations with breast cancer incidence were estimated using weighted Cox regression models, overall and stratified by time and participant characteristics. Results Protein EpiScores for RARRES2, IGFBP4, and CCL21 were positively associated with invasive breast cancer risk (hazard ratios from 1.17 to 1.24), while those for F7, SELL, CXCL9, CD48, and IL19 were inversely associated (hazard ratios from 0.82 to 0.86) (all FDR < 0.10). Eight immune response-related Protein EpiScores (CXCL9, CD48, FCGR3B, CXCL11, CCL21, CRTAM, VCAM1, GZMA) were associated with invasive cancers diagnosed within five years of enrollment. Protein EpiScore associations were consistently stronger for estrogen receptor-negative tumors. Conclusions Several Protein EpiScores, including many related to immune response, were associated with breast cancer risk, highlighting novel changes to the peripheral immune system that occur during breast cancer development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02004-xBreast CancerDNA methylationProteomicsEpidemiologyProspective cohort
spellingShingle Jacob K. Kresovich
Brett M. Reid
Katie M. O’Brien
Zongli Xu
Doratha A. Byrd
Clarice R. Weinberg
Dale P. Sandler
Jack A. Taylor
DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
Breast Cancer Research
Breast Cancer
DNA methylation
Proteomics
Epidemiology
Prospective cohort
title DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
title_full DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
title_fullStr DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
title_full_unstemmed DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
title_short DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
title_sort dna methylation predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk
topic Breast Cancer
DNA methylation
Proteomics
Epidemiology
Prospective cohort
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02004-x
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