A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability

The military role and associated occupation-specific training contribute to a high musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence and poor health burden. A fit Force is better prepared for achieving mission success, as well as being more resilient to operational physical and cognitive demands. Conversely,...

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Main Authors: Joanne L. Fallowfield, Jace R. Drain, Julia Carins, Helen Kilding, Emma Williams, Ben Fisher, Debra Hayhurst, Alysia Gourlay, Simon Olivotto, Garrett Bullock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1541256/full
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author Joanne L. Fallowfield
Jace R. Drain
Julia Carins
Helen Kilding
Emma Williams
Ben Fisher
Debra Hayhurst
Alysia Gourlay
Simon Olivotto
Garrett Bullock
author_facet Joanne L. Fallowfield
Jace R. Drain
Julia Carins
Helen Kilding
Emma Williams
Ben Fisher
Debra Hayhurst
Alysia Gourlay
Simon Olivotto
Garrett Bullock
author_sort Joanne L. Fallowfield
collection DOAJ
description The military role and associated occupation-specific training contribute to a high musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence and poor health burden. A fit Force is better prepared for achieving mission success, as well as being more resilient to operational physical and cognitive demands. Conversely, MSKI and ill-health reduce Force readiness. Internationally, militaries have common workforce capacity and capability challenges, where more is being asked of fewer personnel. Unhealthy body composition, low aerobic fitness, poor movement control and poor health behaviours interact to adversely impact human performance. The military workplace—including leadership prioritisation and resource allocation—has generally not strategically managed and supported health and performance interventions to maximise people outcomes. Efforts have focused on the individual and their capabilities to address their ill-health or poor performance. Only through system-based thinking—adopting a Whole System Approach (WSA)—can effective evidence-based interventions to promote health and human performance be: holistically developed; successfully implemented at scale across geographically dispersed organisations to realise meaningful and enduring outcomes; and impacts measured and evaluated. This paper provides a synthesis of scientific and practice-based evidence to operationalise system-thinking in developing integrated WSA workplace interventions for military health and human performance, and measure effect and return on investment. Whilst militaries are recognising the need for a paradigm shift to realise the benefits of effective health and performance interventions, persuasive financial arguments could assist with overcoming large-organisation inertia. Moreover, system-based thinking—addressing individual and organisational factors—could maximise military health and performance, foster resilience and deliver operational effectiveness.
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spelling doaj-art-8366c29d04c249c49c2e304d6b9409af2025-08-20T02:08:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15412561541256A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capabilityJoanne L. Fallowfield0Jace R. Drain1Julia Carins2Helen Kilding3Emma Williams4Ben Fisher5Debra Hayhurst6Alysia Gourlay7Simon Olivotto8Garrett Bullock9Institute of Naval Medicine, Ministry of Defence, Alverstoke, Hampshire, United KingdomJoint Health Command, Department of Defence, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaSocial Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, AustraliaSports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New ZealandJoint Health Command, Department of Defence, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaDefence Primary Healthcare, Headquarters Defence Medical Services, DMS Whittington Barracks, Lichfield, Staffordshire, United KingdomHealthcare Governance Lead, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United KingdomJoint Health Command, Department of Defence, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaJoint Health Command, Department of Defence, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United StatesThe military role and associated occupation-specific training contribute to a high musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence and poor health burden. A fit Force is better prepared for achieving mission success, as well as being more resilient to operational physical and cognitive demands. Conversely, MSKI and ill-health reduce Force readiness. Internationally, militaries have common workforce capacity and capability challenges, where more is being asked of fewer personnel. Unhealthy body composition, low aerobic fitness, poor movement control and poor health behaviours interact to adversely impact human performance. The military workplace—including leadership prioritisation and resource allocation—has generally not strategically managed and supported health and performance interventions to maximise people outcomes. Efforts have focused on the individual and their capabilities to address their ill-health or poor performance. Only through system-based thinking—adopting a Whole System Approach (WSA)—can effective evidence-based interventions to promote health and human performance be: holistically developed; successfully implemented at scale across geographically dispersed organisations to realise meaningful and enduring outcomes; and impacts measured and evaluated. This paper provides a synthesis of scientific and practice-based evidence to operationalise system-thinking in developing integrated WSA workplace interventions for military health and human performance, and measure effect and return on investment. Whilst militaries are recognising the need for a paradigm shift to realise the benefits of effective health and performance interventions, persuasive financial arguments could assist with overcoming large-organisation inertia. Moreover, system-based thinking—addressing individual and organisational factors—could maximise military health and performance, foster resilience and deliver operational effectiveness.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1541256/fullmilitaryforce readinesshealth promotionworkplace interventionwhole system approach
spellingShingle Joanne L. Fallowfield
Jace R. Drain
Julia Carins
Helen Kilding
Emma Williams
Ben Fisher
Debra Hayhurst
Alysia Gourlay
Simon Olivotto
Garrett Bullock
A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
Frontiers in Physiology
military
force readiness
health promotion
workplace intervention
whole system approach
title A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
title_full A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
title_fullStr A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
title_full_unstemmed A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
title_short A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
title_sort whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as vital prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability
topic military
force readiness
health promotion
workplace intervention
whole system approach
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1541256/full
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