Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM

The rapid development of direct current (DC) grids poses significant challenges to the speed, reliability, and selectivity of fault protection systems. These systems are required to identify and distinguish between internal and external faults despite the constraints of limited information and time....

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Main Authors: Chenglin Ren, Yige Hu, Xiang Lu, Yue Chen, Kepeng Xia, Hailin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3096
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author Chenglin Ren
Yige Hu
Xiang Lu
Yue Chen
Kepeng Xia
Hailin Li
author_facet Chenglin Ren
Yige Hu
Xiang Lu
Yue Chen
Kepeng Xia
Hailin Li
author_sort Chenglin Ren
collection DOAJ
description The rapid development of direct current (DC) grids poses significant challenges to the speed, reliability, and selectivity of fault protection systems. These systems are required to identify and distinguish between internal and external faults despite the constraints of limited information and time. This study introduces a non-unit protection scheme based on the classification of two-dimensional feature parameters utilizing the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) and a support vector machine (SVM). Through time–frequency analysis of the voltage waveform following DC faults, critical information within the high-frequency component of the fault voltage, specifically, the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the wavefront, is extracted to distinguish internal from external faults. Two-dimensional feature parameters are associated with signal attenuation and distortion during fault propagation via the transmission path, thereby providing a foundation for precise fault identification. The employment of an SVM ensures the selectivity of this scheme without relying on protection settings. The efficacy of the scheme is validated through simulations conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC across various fault scenarios.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-8366092bcbac453b897ed82af7fab2eb2025-08-20T03:27:10ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812309610.3390/en18123096Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVMChenglin Ren0Yige Hu1Xiang Lu2Yue Chen3Kepeng Xia4Hailin Li5China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Ultra High Voltage Transmission Company, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Ultra High Voltage Transmission Company, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaChina Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Ultra High Voltage Transmission Company, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaXJ Electric Co., Ltd., Xuchang 461000, ChinaCollege of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaThe rapid development of direct current (DC) grids poses significant challenges to the speed, reliability, and selectivity of fault protection systems. These systems are required to identify and distinguish between internal and external faults despite the constraints of limited information and time. This study introduces a non-unit protection scheme based on the classification of two-dimensional feature parameters utilizing the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) and a support vector machine (SVM). Through time–frequency analysis of the voltage waveform following DC faults, critical information within the high-frequency component of the fault voltage, specifically, the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the wavefront, is extracted to distinguish internal from external faults. Two-dimensional feature parameters are associated with signal attenuation and distortion during fault propagation via the transmission path, thereby providing a foundation for precise fault identification. The employment of an SVM ensures the selectivity of this scheme without relying on protection settings. The efficacy of the scheme is validated through simulations conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC across various fault scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3096non-unit protection schemetime–frequency analysisfault detectionHilbert–Huang transformsupport vector machine
spellingShingle Chenglin Ren
Yige Hu
Xiang Lu
Yue Chen
Kepeng Xia
Hailin Li
Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
Energies
non-unit protection scheme
time–frequency analysis
fault detection
Hilbert–Huang transform
support vector machine
title Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
title_full Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
title_fullStr Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
title_full_unstemmed Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
title_short Advanced Non-Unit Protection Strategy for MMC-HVDC Grids Leveraging Two-Dimensional High-Frequency Characteristics via HHT and SVM
title_sort advanced non unit protection strategy for mmc hvdc grids leveraging two dimensional high frequency characteristics via hht and svm
topic non-unit protection scheme
time–frequency analysis
fault detection
Hilbert–Huang transform
support vector machine
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3096
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