Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study

Background: Subliminal messages (auditory sub-threshold stimuli) are hidden messages embedded within musical notes that the conscious mind cannot perceive. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of subliminal audio in reducing depression and anxiety in women with hypertension, with...

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Main Authors: Saba Khalilpour, Seyed Davoud Hosseininasab
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2025-07-01
Series:Social Determinants of Health
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Online Access:https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/48724
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author Saba Khalilpour
Seyed Davoud Hosseininasab
author_facet Saba Khalilpour
Seyed Davoud Hosseininasab
author_sort Saba Khalilpour
collection DOAJ
description Background: Subliminal messages (auditory sub-threshold stimuli) are hidden messages embedded within musical notes that the conscious mind cannot perceive. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of subliminal audio in reducing depression and anxiety in women with hypertension, with the goal of providing a foundation for future interventions and physiological evidence supporting sub-threshold perception. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposive sampling on 30 hypertensive female patients who referred to Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. After the pre-test, the intervention group listened to a subliminal audio file for 20 minutes daily over a six-week period. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed and compared before and after the intervention in both groups using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; scores ranging from 13 to 63) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; scores ranging from 7 to 63). Results:  The intervention group showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety scores following the six-week exposure to subliminal audio messages. Depression scores decreased from a mean of 29.13 (SD = 6.82) in the pre-test to 23.73 (SD = 6.76) in the post-test. Similarly, anxiety scores reduced from 17.6 (SD = 6.04) to 15.6 (SD = 7.20). In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes in either variable. ANCOVA results confirmed that the reduction in depression (F = 7.536, p = 0.011, η² = 0.218) and anxiety (F = 5.316, p = 0.029, η² = 0.165) in the intervention group remained statistically significant even after controlling for pre-test scores, indicating a moderate and clinically meaningful effect of the intervention. Conclusion: The findings suggest that subliminal audio messages can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing depression and anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-8366062618444d3bbd0b8c497f8d4add2025-08-20T03:58:44ZengShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health2423-73372025-07-0111110.22037/sdh.v11i1.48724Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental studySaba Khalilpour 0Seyed Davoud Hosseininasab1Department of Department of Clinical Psychology, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.Professor, Department of Psychology, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Background: Subliminal messages (auditory sub-threshold stimuli) are hidden messages embedded within musical notes that the conscious mind cannot perceive. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of subliminal audio in reducing depression and anxiety in women with hypertension, with the goal of providing a foundation for future interventions and physiological evidence supporting sub-threshold perception. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposive sampling on 30 hypertensive female patients who referred to Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. After the pre-test, the intervention group listened to a subliminal audio file for 20 minutes daily over a six-week period. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed and compared before and after the intervention in both groups using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; scores ranging from 13 to 63) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; scores ranging from 7 to 63). Results:  The intervention group showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety scores following the six-week exposure to subliminal audio messages. Depression scores decreased from a mean of 29.13 (SD = 6.82) in the pre-test to 23.73 (SD = 6.76) in the post-test. Similarly, anxiety scores reduced from 17.6 (SD = 6.04) to 15.6 (SD = 7.20). In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes in either variable. ANCOVA results confirmed that the reduction in depression (F = 7.536, p = 0.011, η² = 0.218) and anxiety (F = 5.316, p = 0.029, η² = 0.165) in the intervention group remained statistically significant even after controlling for pre-test scores, indicating a moderate and clinically meaningful effect of the intervention. Conclusion: The findings suggest that subliminal audio messages can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing depression and anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/48724AnxietyCardiovascular DiseasesDepressionHypertensionSubliminal Stimulation
spellingShingle Saba Khalilpour
Seyed Davoud Hosseininasab
Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
Social Determinants of Health
Anxiety
Cardiovascular Diseases
Depression
Hypertension
Subliminal Stimulation
title Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
title_full Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
title_fullStr Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
title_short Effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study
title_sort effectiveness of subliminal audio messages on depression and anxiety in women with hypertension a quasi experimental study
topic Anxiety
Cardiovascular Diseases
Depression
Hypertension
Subliminal Stimulation
url https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/48724
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