Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate how a 10-day multi-stressor field-training course—combining high physical and psycho-emotional demands, caloric restriction, and severe sleep deprivation—affects systemic oxidative/antioxidative status and biomarkers of nucleic-acid and skeletal-muscle dama...

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Main Authors: Liāna Pļaviņa, Edgars Edelmers
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/166
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author Liāna Pļaviņa
Edgars Edelmers
author_facet Liāna Pļaviņa
Edgars Edelmers
author_sort Liāna Pļaviņa
collection DOAJ
description <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate how a 10-day multi-stressor field-training course—combining high physical and psycho-emotional demands, caloric restriction, and severe sleep deprivation—affects systemic oxidative/antioxidative status and biomarkers of nucleic-acid and skeletal-muscle damage in trained military cadets. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five healthy cadets (8 women, 67 men; 22–34 y) completed the course. Standardised operational rations (700–800 kcal day<sup>−</sup>¹) and two 20 min tactical naps per 24 h were enforced. Pre- and post-course venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Plasma superoxide-dismutase activity (SOD), reduced and oxidised glutathione (GSH, GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were quantified by colourimetric/fluorometric assays; 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and myoglobin were measured by ELISA. The oxidative-stress index (OSI) was calculated as GSSG·GSH<sup>−</sup>¹. Within-subject differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; associations between biomarker changes were explored by Spearman correlation. <b>Results:</b> After training, GSH (+175%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GSSG (+32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) rose significantly, whereas SOD (−19%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), H₂O₂ (−20%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), MDA (−50%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 8-OHdG (−23%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and OSI (−47%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) declined. Myoglobin remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.603). Reductions in MDA correlated inversely with increases in GSSG (rₛ = −0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.041), while H₂O₂ changes correlated positively with GSSG (rₛ = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.046), indicating a glutathione-driven adaptive response. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ten consecutive days of vigorous, calorie- and sleep-restricted field training elicited a favourable redox adaptation characterised by enhanced glutathione-mediated antioxidant capacity and lower circulating oxidant concentrations, without evidence of DNA or skeletal-muscle damage. The data suggest that, in physically prepared individuals, prolonged multi-stressor exposure can strengthen endogenous antioxidant defences rather than precipitate oxidative injury.
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spelling doaj-art-8348a0cb69f84f49ab7e7392cd2490832025-08-20T02:21:07ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-05-0110216610.3390/jfmk10020166Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field TrainingLiāna Pļaviņa0Edgars Edelmers1Department of Morphology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, LatviaMedical Education Technology Centre, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate how a 10-day multi-stressor field-training course—combining high physical and psycho-emotional demands, caloric restriction, and severe sleep deprivation—affects systemic oxidative/antioxidative status and biomarkers of nucleic-acid and skeletal-muscle damage in trained military cadets. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five healthy cadets (8 women, 67 men; 22–34 y) completed the course. Standardised operational rations (700–800 kcal day<sup>−</sup>¹) and two 20 min tactical naps per 24 h were enforced. Pre- and post-course venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Plasma superoxide-dismutase activity (SOD), reduced and oxidised glutathione (GSH, GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were quantified by colourimetric/fluorometric assays; 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and myoglobin were measured by ELISA. The oxidative-stress index (OSI) was calculated as GSSG·GSH<sup>−</sup>¹. Within-subject differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; associations between biomarker changes were explored by Spearman correlation. <b>Results:</b> After training, GSH (+175%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GSSG (+32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) rose significantly, whereas SOD (−19%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), H₂O₂ (−20%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), MDA (−50%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 8-OHdG (−23%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and OSI (−47%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) declined. Myoglobin remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.603). Reductions in MDA correlated inversely with increases in GSSG (rₛ = −0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.041), while H₂O₂ changes correlated positively with GSSG (rₛ = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.046), indicating a glutathione-driven adaptive response. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ten consecutive days of vigorous, calorie- and sleep-restricted field training elicited a favourable redox adaptation characterised by enhanced glutathione-mediated antioxidant capacity and lower circulating oxidant concentrations, without evidence of DNA or skeletal-muscle damage. The data suggest that, in physically prepared individuals, prolonged multi-stressor exposure can strengthen endogenous antioxidant defences rather than precipitate oxidative injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/166endurance trainingoxidative stressantioxidant system
spellingShingle Liāna Pļaviņa
Edgars Edelmers
Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
endurance training
oxidative stress
antioxidant system
title Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
title_full Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
title_short Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training
title_sort oxidative stress modulation and glutathione system response during a 10 day multi stressor field training
topic endurance training
oxidative stress
antioxidant system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/166
work_keys_str_mv AT lianaplavina oxidativestressmodulationandglutathionesystemresponseduringa10daymultistressorfieldtraining
AT edgarsedelmers oxidativestressmodulationandglutathionesystemresponseduringa10daymultistressorfieldtraining