Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)

In line with the expanding role of media in social life and the increasing susceptibility of the general public to it, the market for false and shocking news—especially news related to security issues and armed conflicts—has heated up. On the other hand, the prohibition of “agitation” (Arabic: إرْجا...

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Main Author: Ali Morad Heydari
Format: Article
Language:fas
Published: Razavi University of Islamic Sciences 2025-02-01
Series:آموزه‌های قرآنی
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Online Access:https://qd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1861_94c8c6f33c63718c80260177d9b626b5.pdf
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author Ali Morad Heydari
author_facet Ali Morad Heydari
author_sort Ali Morad Heydari
collection DOAJ
description In line with the expanding role of media in social life and the increasing susceptibility of the general public to it, the market for false and shocking news—especially news related to security issues and armed conflicts—has heated up. On the other hand, the prohibition of “agitation” (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf) and the stipulation of severe punishment, along with the emphasis on dealing with “Murjifūn” (agitators) in verses 60 to 62 of sūrat Al-Aḥzāb, provide a jurisprudential basis for “protecting the psychological security of citizens” and complement the crime of “Muḥāraba” (Arabic: اَلْمُحاربة, meaning fight or waging war) refers to ensuring the material security of citizens. From a legal perspective, the legislator, by criminalizing “Baghy” (Arabic: البغی, meaning trespass) and “propaganda against the system,” has protected the political system against both hard and soft threats. However, the protection of the people is limited to the crime of “muḥāraba” and confined to hard threats (life, financial, and security). There has been silence in the face of threats to the psychological security of the public through organized news fabrication and dissemination, which causes anxiety, despair, and discomfort among people and citizens. The question arises: what necessity is there to criminalize “media agitation”? This article, conducted descriptively and analytically using library tools, reveals that ensuring the psychological security of citizens—as a clear example of public rights—requires the separate criminalization of media agitation.
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spelling doaj-art-8341adac4a8a40629a9b8ea4c4476d842025-08-20T03:16:11ZfasRazavi University of Islamic Sciencesآموزه‌های قرآنی2251-93782783-40852025-02-01213913315610.30513/qd.2024.6189.24031861Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)Ali Morad Heydari0Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranIn line with the expanding role of media in social life and the increasing susceptibility of the general public to it, the market for false and shocking news—especially news related to security issues and armed conflicts—has heated up. On the other hand, the prohibition of “agitation” (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf) and the stipulation of severe punishment, along with the emphasis on dealing with “Murjifūn” (agitators) in verses 60 to 62 of sūrat Al-Aḥzāb, provide a jurisprudential basis for “protecting the psychological security of citizens” and complement the crime of “Muḥāraba” (Arabic: اَلْمُحاربة, meaning fight or waging war) refers to ensuring the material security of citizens. From a legal perspective, the legislator, by criminalizing “Baghy” (Arabic: البغی, meaning trespass) and “propaganda against the system,” has protected the political system against both hard and soft threats. However, the protection of the people is limited to the crime of “muḥāraba” and confined to hard threats (life, financial, and security). There has been silence in the face of threats to the psychological security of the public through organized news fabrication and dissemination, which causes anxiety, despair, and discomfort among people and citizens. The question arises: what necessity is there to criminalize “media agitation”? This article, conducted descriptively and analytically using library tools, reveals that ensuring the psychological security of citizens—as a clear example of public rights—requires the separate criminalization of media agitation.https://qd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1861_94c8c6f33c63718c80260177d9b626b5.pdfagitation (arabic: إرْجافromanized: ʾirjāf)media agitationpublic rightspublication of false statementsmedia lawpropaganda against the system
spellingShingle Ali Morad Heydari
Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
آموزه‌های قرآنی
agitation (arabic: إرْجاف
romanized: ʾirjāf)
media agitation
public rights
publication of false statements
media law
propaganda against the system
title Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
title_full Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
title_fullStr Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
title_full_unstemmed Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
title_short Necessary Conditions for Criminalizing Media Manipulation in Light of the Verse on Agitation (Arabic: إرْجاف, Romanized: ʾIrjāf)
title_sort necessary conditions for criminalizing media manipulation in light of the verse on agitation arabic إرْجاف romanized ʾirjaf
topic agitation (arabic: إرْجاف
romanized: ʾirjāf)
media agitation
public rights
publication of false statements
media law
propaganda against the system
url https://qd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1861_94c8c6f33c63718c80260177d9b626b5.pdf
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